Black ceramic additives, pigments, and formulations
Ceramic black materials for use as, or in, colorants, inks, pigments, dyes, additives and formulations utilizing these black materials. Black ceramics having silicon, oxygen and carbon, and methods of making these ceramics; formulations utilizing these black ceramics; and devices, structures and apparatus that have or utilize these formulations. Plastics, paints, inks, coatings, formulations, liquids and adhesives containing ceramic black materials, preferably polymer derived black ceramic materials, and in particular polysilocarb polymer derived ceramic materials.
1. A method for making a black ceramic pigment aggregate, the method comprising: pyrolizing a polymer derived ceramic to form black polymer derived ceramic bulk material, reducing the size of the polymer derived ceramic bulk material to form primary pigment particles having a particle size D 50 of from about 3 μm to about 0.1 μm, and a distribution of at least about 95% of the particle size within a 0.2 μm range, and wherein the primary pigment particles comprising from about 30 weight % to about 60 weight % silicon, from about 5 weight % to about 40 weight % oxygen, and from about 3 weight % to about 35 weight % carbon.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the primary pigment particles are formed into agglomerate particles.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the agglomerate particles have a particle size D 50 of at least about 10 μm.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein reducing comprises using equipment selected from the group consisting of a ball mill, an attrition mill, a rotor stator mill, a hammer mill, a jet-mill, a roller mill, a bead mill, a media mill, a grinder, a homogenizer, and a two-plate mill.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein reducing comprises using equipment selected from the group consisting of a ball mill, a rotor stator mill, a hammer mill, a jet-mill, a roller mill, a bead mill, a homogenizer, and a two-plate mill.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein spray drying forms the agglomerate.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein a binder is used to, in part, form the agglomerate.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of dispersants, surfactants, soaps, copolymers, starches, natural and synthetic polymers and saccharides, lipids, fatty acids, petroleum-derived polymers and oligomers.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, corn starch, starch, fructoses, saccharides carrageenan and water-soluble polymers.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein about 0.01% to about 5% by weight binder is used.
11. The method of claim 7 wherein about 0.1% to about 2% by weight binder is used.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigment defines a blackness selected from the group consisting of: PMS 433, Black 3, Black 3, Black 4, Black 5, Black 6, Black 7, Black 2 2x, Black 3 2x, Black 4 2x, Black 5 2x, Black 6 2x, and Black 7 2x.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pigment defines a blackness selected from the group consisting of: Tri-stimulus Colorimeter of X from about 0.05 to about 3.0, Y from about 0.05 to about 3.0, and Z from about 0.05 to about 3.0; a CIE L a b of L of less than about 40; a CIE L a b of L of less about 20; a CIE L a b of L of less than 50, b of less than 1.0 and a of less than 2; and a jetness value of at least about 200 M y .
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the black polymer derived ceramic pigment comprises about 40 weight % to about 50 weight % silicon, and wherein about 25 weight % to about 40 weight % of the carbon is silicon-bound-carbon.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the black polymer derived ceramic pigment comprises about 40 weight % to about 50 weight % silicon, and wherein about 55 weight % to about 75 weight % of the carbon is free carbon.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the black polymer derived ceramic pigment comprises about 20 weight % to about 30 weight % oxygen, and wherein about 25 weight % to about 40 weight % of the carbon is silicon-bound-carbon.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the black polymer derived ceramic pigment comprises about 20 weight % to about 30 weight % oxygen, and wherein about 55 weight % to about 75 weight % of the carbon is free carbon.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the black polymer derived ceramic pigment comprises about 20 weight % to about 30 weight % carbon, and wherein about 25 weight % to about 40 weight % of the carbon is silicon-bound-carbon.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the black polymer derived ceramic pigment comprises about 20 weight % to about 30 weight % carbon, and wherein about 55 weight % to about 75 weight % of the carbon is free carbon.