Ground meat replicas
This document relates to ground meat replicas, and more particularly to plant-based products that mimic ground meat, including the fibrousness, heterogeneity in texture, beefy flavor, and red-to-brown color transition during cooking of ground meat. For example, this document provides meat replicas that include proteins that are selected based upon the temperature at which they gel and/or denature to mimic the behavior and qualities of meat during cooking.
1. A meat replica composition comprising:
about 5%-88% by weight of a meat dough, wherein the meat dough comprises an edible fibrous component;
about 5% to about 35% by weight of one or more non-animal fats;
about 0.00001% to about 10% by weight of a flavoring agent;
about 0% to about 15% by weight of a binding agent;
about 0.01% to about 4% by weight of a heme-containing protein; and
about 0.0001% to 10% by weight of a Cucumis juice, puree, or extract.
2. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the edible fibrous component comprises one or more plant proteins selected from glutelins, albumins, legumins, vicillins, convicillins, glycinins and prolamins.
3. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the edible fibrous component comprises a vegetable protein.
4. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the one or more non-animal fats are selected from the group consisting of plant derived oils, algal oils, or oils from bacteria or fungi.
5. The meat replica of claim 4 , wherein the plant derived oils are selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, mango oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, rice bran oil, cocoa butter, palm kernel oil, palm fruit oil, palm oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, com oil, sesame oil, walnut oil, almond oil, flaxseed, jojoba oil, castor, grapeseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, borage oil, algal oil, fungal oil, black currant oil, babassu oil, shea butter, mango butter, wheat germ oil, blackcurrant oil, sea-buckhorn oil, macadamia oil, and saw palmetto oil.
6. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the one or more non-animal fats are selected from the group consisting of conjugated linoleic oil, arachidonic acid enriched oil, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enriched oil, eicosapentaenoic acid and (EPA) enriched oil.
7. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the one or more non-animal fats comprises margarine.
8. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the flavor agent comprises one or more flavor precursors, a flavoring, or a flavor compound.
9. The meat replica of claim 8 , wherein the flavor compound is selected from the group consisting of phenylacetic acid, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, aquaresin onion, oil soluble onion, p-cresol, acetonyl acetate, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, (E,E)-2,4-octadienal, 2-methyl-1-butane thiol, 2-methyl-3-furyl tetrasulfide, ethyl 2-mercaptopropionate, 2-mercapto-3-butanol (mixture of isomers), n-decane-d22, oil soluble garlic, sulfurol, sulfuryl acetate, mercapto-3-butanol, spiromeat, 1-penten-3-one, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-methyl-3-tetrahydrofuranthiol, oleic acid, dipropyl trisulfide, difurfuryl disulfide, methylcyclopentenolone, 3-methylthio hexanal, butyric acid, butyrolactone, 5-methyl-2(3H) -furanone, furaneol, 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-ethanone, hexanoic acid, and combinations thereof.
10. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the binding agent is a plant protein.
11. The meat replica of claim 10 , wherein the plant protein is selected from the group consisting of RuBisCO, albumin, gluten, conglycinin, or mixtures thereof.
12. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the binding agent is albumin or collagen.
13. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the heme-containing protein is selected from the group consisting of a non-symbiotic hemoglobin, a Hell's gate globin I, a flavohemoprotein, a leghemoglobin, a heme-dependent peroxidase, a cytochrome c peroxidase, a mammalian myoglobin, an androglobin, a cytoglobin, a globin E, a globin X, a globin Y, a hemoglobin, a myoglobin, an erythrocruorin, a beta hemoglobin, an alpha hemoglobin, a protoglobin, a cyanoglobin, a cytoglobin, a histoglobin, a neuroglobins, a chlorocruorin, a truncated hemoglobin, a truncated 2/2 globin, a hemoglobin 3, a cytochrome, or a peroxidase.
14. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the Cucumis juice, puree, or extract is a cucumber Cucumis juice, puree, or extract.
15. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the Cucumis juice, puree, or extract is a melon Cucumis juice, puree, or extract.
16. The meat replica of claim 15 , wherein the melon Cucumis juice, puree, or extract is a honeydew melon Cucumis juice, puree, or extract.
17. The meat replica of claim 15 , wherein the melon Cucumis juice, puree, or extract is a cantaloupe Cucumis juice, puree, or extract.
18. The meat replica of claim 1 , wherein the meat replica is free of animal products.
19. The meat replica of claim 1 , further comprising lactones at a % concentration of about 10 −3 to 10 −11 .
20. The meat replica of claim 19 , wherein the lactones are selected from the group consisting of tetrahydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one, delta-octalactone, 5-ethyldihydro-2(3 H)-furanone, butyrolactone, dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone, dihydro-3-methylene-2,5-furandione, 1-pentoyl lactone, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one, 6-heptyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one, gamma-octalactone, 5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one, 5-ethyl-2(5H)-furanone, 5-acetyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone, trans-3-methyl-4-octanolide 2(5H)-furanone, 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,5-urandione, 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-dihydrofuran-2-one, 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3 (2H)-furanone, 8-tetradecalactone, dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3H)-5 furanone, 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)furanone, butyrolactone, y-octalactone, and 8-tetradecalactone.
21. The meat replica of claim 1 , further comprising about 0.00001% to about 0.1% by weight of carotenoids.
22. The meat replica of claim 21 , wherein the carotenoids are selected from the group consisting of beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, trans-beta-apo-8′-carotenal, lycopene, canthaxanthin, and combinations thereof.