Systems and methods for producing materials suitable for additive manufacturing using a hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus
Provided in one implementation is a method that includes introducing a volume of raw material into a chamber of a cavitation machine. The raw material can include a mixture comprising a powder and a solvent. The powder can have a first average particle size in the raw material. The method includes applying a hydrodynamic cavitation process to the raw material to produce a product material. The powder can have a second average particle size, smaller than the first average particle size, in the product material. The method includes causing the product material to exit the cavitation chamber and drying the product material to remove the solvent. Apparatus employed to apply the method are also provided.
1. A method comprising:
preparing a raw material including a mixture comprising a polymer and a functional material selected based on at least one of a structural property, and electrical property, a thermal property, and a color, wherein the functional material has a first average particle size in the raw material;
heating a chamber of a cavitation machine to a first temperature selected to be greater than a melting temperature of the raw material;
introducing a volume of the raw material into the chamber of the cavitation machine;
applying a hydrodynamic cavitation process to the raw material to produce a product material, wherein the functional material has a second average particle size, smaller than the first average particle size, in the product material;
forming the product material into a desired shape by forcing the product material through an extruder, wherein the desired shape comprises a filament; and
cooling the product material to a second temperature selected to be lower than the melting temperature of the product material.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filament has a diameter in the range of 100 nanometers to 1 micron.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filament has a diameter in the range of 1 micron to 500 microns.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filament has a diameter in the range of 500 microns to 1 millimeter.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filament has a diameter in the range of 1 millimeter to 5 millimeters.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising feeding the product material directly from the cavitation chamber through a breaker plate of the extruder and into a feedpipe of the extruder.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising winding the filament into a spool.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating, at least once, applying the hydrodynamic cavitation process to the product material.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the functional material has a primary particle size in the range of 1 nanometer to 100 microns.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer of the raw material comprises at least one of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS), lignin, or rubber.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature is between 20 degrees Celsius and 100 degrees Celsius.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling the product material to the second temperature comprises cooling the product material using at least one of an air fan cool-down mechanism or by a cooling bath.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the product material to remove a solvent from the product material.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein drying the product material comprises drying the product material using at least one of conduction drying, convection drying, vacuum drying, or radiation drying.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the chamber of the cavitation machine comprises heating the chamber of the cavitation machine to the first temperature selected to be greater than the melting temperature of the raw material using a heating element.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling the product material to the second temperature comprises cooling the product material to the second temperature using at least a feedback temperature control.