TRAINING METHODS FOR IMPROVED ASSAYING OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN CLINICAL TRIAL SUBJECTS
Provided are methods for training subjects to report clinical symptoms (e.g., pain), and methods for identifying accurate clinical symptom (e.g., pain) reporting subjects prior to or subsequent to training.
1 . A method of training a subject to accurately report a clinical symptom, the method comprising:
a) administering to a subject exhibiting a clinical symptom a drug suitable for treating the clinical symptom or a placebo, wherein the drug is administered in an amount sufficient to alleviate the clinical symptom;
b) determining the intensity of the clinical symptom reported by the subject before and after administration of the drug or the placebo using a standard reporting scale;
c) determining the symptom reporting accuracy of the subject in the presence of the drug or placebo and providing instructional feedback to the subject regarding the accuracy and reliability of their reporting; and
d) repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times, wherein on each occasion the subject is administered drug or placebo in a random and double-blind manner.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) is repeated until a desired reporting accuracy is achieved.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein steps (a) to (c) are repeated four times at weekly intervals.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein steps (a) to (c) are performed for 4 hours and the subject evaluated hourly for clinical symptom relief.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising identifying an accurate symptom reporting subject, wherein an accurate symptom reporting subject is identified by having a symptom reporting accuracy and/or reliability above a desired threshold.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the clinical symptom is pain, anxiety, asthma, or urinary frequency.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the pain is Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN).
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the drug is oxycodone or pregabalin.
9 . A method of training a subject to accurately report a clinical symptom, the method comprising:
a) inducing a clinical symptom in the subject;
b) determining the intensity of the clinical symptom reported by the subject using a standard reporting scale;
c) determining the symptom reporting accuracy of the subject and providing instructional feedback to the subject regarding the accuracy and reliability of their reporting; and
d) repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein step (d) is repeated until a desired reporting accuracy is achieved.
11 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising identifying an accurate symptom reporting subject, wherein an accurate symptom reporting subject is identified by having a symptom reporting accuracy and/or reliability above a desired threshold.
12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the clinical symptom is pain, anxiety, asthma, or urinary frequency.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the pain is Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN).
14 . A method of training a subject to accurately report a clinical symptom, the method comprising:
a) determining the reported pain threshold and tolerance levels of the subject in response to an evoked pain stimulus;
b) determining the response profile of the subject to noxious stimuli using a standard pain reporting scale in the presence of an analgesic or a placebo, wherein the noxious stimuli intensity are between the pain threshold and tolerance levels of the subject, and wherein the analgesic is administered in an amount sufficient to alleviate the pain induced by the noxious stimuli;
c) determining the pain reporting accuracy and/or reliability of the subject by analysis of the data collected in (a) and (b);
d) providing instructional feedback to the subject regarding the accuracy and reliability of their pain reporting; and
e) repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times, wherein on each occasion the subject is administered the analgesic or the placebo in a random and double-blind manner.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein step (e) is repeated until a desired reporting accuracy is achieved.
16 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising identifying an accurate symptom reporting subject, wherein an accurate symptom reporting subject is identified by having a symptom reporting accuracy and/or reliability above a desired threshold.
17 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the clinical symptom is pain, anxiety, asthma, or urinary frequency.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the pain is Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN).
19 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the drug is oxycodone or pregabalin.
20 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the pain threshold and tolerance levels of the subject are determined in response to a mechanical pressure or thermal stimulus.
21 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the noxious stimuli include mechanical pressure.
22 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the noxious stimuli are applied in a random order of intensity.
23 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the noxious stimuli are applied in discreet interval levels, evenly spaced between the subject's threshold and tolerance levels.
24 . The method of claim 23 , wherein the noxious stimuli are applied in 5 to 9 interval levels.
25 . The method of claim 23 , wherein each interval level of noxious stimuli is applied between 3 and 7 times to the subject during a single session.
26 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the standard pain reporting scale is a numerical rating scale (NRS) or visual analog scale (VAS).
27 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the pain reporting accuracy and/or reliability of the subject is determined using a the Coefficient of Variation, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, R 2 curve fit statistic from a least squares fit to psychophysical function, and/or the Residual between the predicted and actual pain ratings using a ‘triangulation’ method.
28 . The method of claim 16 , wherein an accurate pain reporting subject is identified by having a Coefficient of Variation of less than 1, an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of greater than 0.8, an R 2 of greater than 0.5, and/or a triangulation residual of less than 20% of the range of the response scale being used.