Protein biomarkers for acute, subacute and chronic traumatic injuries of the central nervous system
Proteins that are differentially expressed or elevated in tissue and biofluids after central nervous system injuries are described. Elevated or reduced levels of the proteins, alone or in various combinations or ratios, can be used to assess severity of central nervous system injury (CNS injury) including traumatic brain injury (TBI), traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Time course measurements post CNS-injury of these proteins can be used to monitor progress or recovery over periods up to several months. Differentiation of acute, subacute and chronic injury can be diagnosed by comparing the protein levels in CNS-injury patients at days 1-3, day 4-10 with levels at day 30-180 in comparison with normal controls.
1. A method of detecting a biomarker related to traumatic injury to the central nervous system in a subject having a traumatic injury to the central nervous system or suspected of having a traumatic injury to the central nervous system, comprising:
(a) obtaining a first biological fluid sample selected from the group consisting of blood, serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid from the subject up to 1-3 days after the traumatic injury or suspected traumatic injury to the central nervous system;
(b) contacting the biological fluid sample with a first antibody that specifically recognizes the biomarker P-Tau; and
(c) detecting the level of binding of the first antibody to the biomarker in the biological fluid samplessample indicating the traumatic injury to the central nervous system.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(d) contacting the biological fluid samples with a second antibody that specifically recognizes a second biomarker selected from the group consisting of visinin-like protein (VILIP)-1, VILIP-2, VILIP-3, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), pro-BDNF, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (iba-1), and phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PEA-15), and neurofilament protein-H, -M, or -L; and
(e) detecting the level of binding of the second antibody to the second biomarker in the biological fluid samples.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(d) contacting the biological fluid samples with a second antibody that specifically recognizes a second biomarker selected from the group consisting of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament protein-H, -M, or -L; and
(e) detecting the level of binding of the second antibody to the biomarker in the biological fluid samples.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(d) contacting the biological fluid samples with a second antibody that specifically recognizes the biomarker total Tau (T-Tau); and
(e) detecting the level of binding of the second antibody to the biomarker in the biological fluid samples.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(d) contacting the biological fluid samples with a second antibody that specifically recognizes the biomarker T-Tau; and
(e) detecting the level of binding of the second antibody to the biomarker in the biological fluid samples.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:
(f) obtaining one or more additional biological fluid samples from the subject at later times, contacting the biological fluid samples with a second antibody that specifically recognizes the biomarker T-Tau, and detecting the level of binding of the second antibody to the biomarker in the biological fluid samples.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the later times are selected from one or more of 5 days, 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
(f) calculating the P-Tau to total Tau ratio for each of the biofluid samples.
9. The method of claim 5 , further comprising:
(f) calculating the P-Tau to total Tau ratio for each of the biofluid samples.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(d) contacting the biological fluid samples with a second antibody that specifically recognizes the biomarker neurofilament protein-H, -M, or L; and
(e) detecting the level of binding of the second antibody to the biomarker in the biological fluid samples.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first biological fluid sample is obtained from the subject within 24 hours of the traumatic injury or the suspected traumatic injury.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the traumatic injury to the central nervous system is traumatic brain injury or traumatic spinal cord injury.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the P-Tau is phosphorylated at Thr231, Ser202, Thr205, Thr181, Ser396, Ser404 or any combination thereof, based on the numbering of human Tau 441.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(d) obtaining one or more additional biological fluid samples from the subject at later times, contacting the additional biological fluid samples with a first antibody that specifically recognizes the biomarker P-Tau, and detecting the level of binding of the first antibody to the biomarker in the biological fluid samples indicating the traumatic injury to the central nervous system.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the later times are selected from one or more of 5 days, 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
(d) contacting the biological fluid samples with a second antibody that specifically recognizes the biomarker GFAP; and
(e) detecting the level of binding of the second antibody to the biomarker in the biological fluid samples.