Vapor chamber amplifier module
In one embodiment, an electronic system includes a printed circuit board, one or more packaged semiconductor devices, and a vapor chamber having a top and a bottom and enclosing a sealed cavity that is partially filled with a coolant. The vapor chamber comprises a thermo-conductive and electro-conductive material. The top of the vapor chamber has one or more depressions formed therein, each depression receiving and thermo-conductively connected to at least part of a bottom of a corresponding packaged semiconductor device, which is mounted through a corresponding aperture in the PCB. A heat sink may be thermo-conductively attached to the bottom of the vapor chamber.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a vapor chamber having a coolant-evaporating top stacked on a heat-releasing bottom and enclosing a sealed cavity that is partially filled with a coolant, wherein:
the vapor chamber comprises a thermo-conductive material;
a printed circuit board (PCB;
the coolant-evaporating top of the vapor chamber has a vapor chamber depression formed therein; and
the vapor chamber depression is adapted to receive and thereto-conductively connect to at least part of a bottom of a corresponding packaged semiconductor device mounted through a corresponding aperture in the PCB;
the corresponding packaged semiconductor device mounted onto the PCB through the corresponding aperture in the PCB, wherein the vapor chamber depression receives and thermo-conductively connects to at least part of the bottom of the corresponding packaged semiconductor device; and
wherein the PCB is attached to the coolant-evaporating top of the vapor chamber with a first solder that reflows at a first temperature; and
the corresponding packaged semiconductor device is mounted onto the PCB and the vapor chamber depression using a second solder having a different composition than the first solder, wherein the second solder reflows at a second temperature lower than the first temperature.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a heat sink thermo-conductively connected to the heat-releasing bottom of the vapor chamber.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:
the PCB comprises a set of PCB holes;
the vapor chamber comprises a set of vapor-chamber holes corresponding to the set of PCB holes;
the heat sink comprises a set of tapped heat-sink holes corresponding to the set of PCB holes and the set of vapor-chamber holes; and
a set of screws are inserted through the set of PCB holes and the set of vapor-chamber holes and screwed into the set of tapped heat-sink holes to hold together the PCB, the vapor chamber, and the heat sink.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second solder is a bismuth-based alloy.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the packaged semiconductor device comprises a radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier device packaged in a laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) package with an earless flange;
the earless flange comprises the bottom of the packaged semiconductor device.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of packaged semiconductor devices that includes the corresponding packaged semiconductor device, wherein:
each packaged semiconductor device of the plurality of packaged semiconductor devices is mounted through a corresponding aperture in the PCB; the coolant-evaporating top of the vapor chamber comprises a set of depressions formed therein corresponding to the plurality of packaged semiconductor devices;
the set of depressions comprising the vapor chamber depression; each depression of the set of depressions is adapted to receive and thermo-conductively connect to at least part of a bottom of a corresponding packaged semiconductor device of the plurality of packaged semiconductor devices; and
wherein the PCB comprises conductive traces interconnecting the plurality of packaged semiconductor devices.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the vapor chamber comprises an electrically conductive material; and
the vapor chamber serves as a common path for the plurality of packaged semiconductor devices.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising additional active components mounted on the PCB and electrically interconnected with the corresponding packaged semiconductor device via conductive traces of the PCB.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vapor chamber depression is further adapted to thereto-conductively connect to at least part of a side of the corresponding packaged semiconductor device.
10. A method for assembling an apparatus, the method comprising:
mounting a packaged semiconductor device onto a printed circuit board (PCB); and
attaching the PCB to a vapor chamber, wherein:
the packaged semiconductor device comprises a bottom and is mounted through a corresponding aperture in the PCB;
the vapor chamber has a coolant-evaporating top stacked on a heat-releasing bottom and encloses a sealed, cavity that is partially filled with a coolant;
the vapor chamber comprises a thermo-conductive material;
the coolant-evaporating top of the vapor chamber has a vapor chamber depression formed therein that corresponds to the packaged semiconductor device; and
the vapor chamber depression is adapted to receive and thereto-conductively connect to at least part of the bottom of the packaged semiconductor device;
wherein attaching the PCB to the vapor chamber comprises:
solder reflowing a top piece that is part of the coolant-evaporating top of the vapor chamber to the PCB;
then attaching a bottom piece that is part of the heat-releasing bottom of the vapor chamber to the top piece to form a cavity of the vapor chamber;
then partially filling the cavity with the coolant; and
then sealing the cavity, resulting in the sealed cavity.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the mounting and the attaching are performed simultaneously using only one type of solder.
12. A method for assembling an apparatus, comprising:
attaching a printed circuit board (PCB) to a vapor chamber using a first solder that reflows at a first temperature; and
mounting a packaged semiconductor device onto the printed circuit board using a second solder having a different composition than the first solder, wherein the second solder reflows at a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature, wherein the packaged semiconductor device comprises a bottom and, is mounted through a corresponding aperture in the PCB,
wherein the vapor chamber comprises a coolant-evaporating top stacked on a heat-releasing bottom and encloses a sealed cavity that is partially filled with coolant,
wherein the coolant-evaporating top of the vapor chamber has a vapor chamber depression therein that corresponds to the packaged semiconductor device,
and
wherein mounting the packaged semiconductor device includes thermo-conductively connecting the vapor chamber depression to at least part of the bottom of the packaged semiconductor device.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the second solder is a bismuth-based alloy.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein attaching the PCB to the vapor chamber further comprises, after attaching the bottom piece and before sealing the cavity, de-pressurizing the cavity.