Functional oligodendrocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells and methods of making and using the same
Described is the efficient and robust generation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The protocols provided recapitulate the major steps of oligodendrocyte differentiation, from neural stem cells to OLIG2 + progenitors, and then to 04 + OPCs, in a significantly shorter time than the 120-150 days required by previous protocols. Furthermore, 04+ OPCs are able to differentiate into MBP + mature oligodendrocytes in vitro, and to myelinate axons in vivo when injected into immuno-compromised Shiverer mice, providing proof of concept that transplantation of PSC-derived cells for remyelination is technically feasible.
1. A method of generating OLIG2+oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), the method comprising:
a) preparing pluripotent stem cell (PSC) colonies by:
i) seeding PSCs at low density on a surface; and
ii) culturing the seeded PSCs in an adherent culture for 1-2 days, thereby preparing PSC colonies;
b) culturing the PSC colonies of (a) to confluence in a medium comprising a low concentration of retinoic acid (RA), at least one inhibitor of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling, and at least one inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, wherein the first day of said culturing is day 0; and
c) culturing the confluent cells of (b) in a medium comprising Smoothened Agonist (SAG) and a low concentration of RA until cells are overconfluent, wherein the cells cultured with SAG and RA express OLIG2; thereby generating OLIG2+OPCs.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PSCs are embryonic stem cells.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PSCs are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the iPSCs are derived from a patient with multiple sclerosis.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PSCs are human cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PSCs are cultured in a medium comprising an inhibitor of rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor of BMP signaling is LDN193189.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the confluent cells are PAX6+.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the medium comprising SAG and RA lacks SHH.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 50% of the cells are OLIG2+ by day 12.