Method for diagnostics, treatment and prevention of Parkinson's disease
The present invention relates to the field of medicine and in particular to Parkinson's disease (PD). Specifically the present invention relates to methods and means for early detection of PD. The invention relates also to methods and means for treatment or prophylaxis of PD. In the method of the invention a probability of a subject developing or having Parkinson's disease (PD) is determined by measuring the relative abundances of one or multiple microbial tax a in a sample from a subject; and the probability of the subject developing or having PD is determined based on the measured abundances. The present invention provides a novel approach for the diagnostics of PD.
1. A method for measuring the probability of a subject developing or having Parkinson's disease (PD) characterized by a prodromal and premotor period in which the subject has no motor symptoms, the method comprising
a) obtaining a fecal sample from the subject;
b) measuring the abundances of at least Prevotellaceae bacteria in the sample; and
c) determining the probability of the subject developing or having PD based on the abundances measured in step b),
wherein a high abundance of said Prevotellaceae in relation to other bacteria in the sample indicates a low probability of the subject developing or having PD.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bacteria comprise Prevotella.
4. The method according to claim 1 , where the bacteria is one or more of Prevotella amnii, Prevotella bergensis, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella bryantii, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella copri, Prevotella disiens, Prevotella marshii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella oralis, Prevotella oris, Prevotella ruminicola, Prevotella salivae, Prevotella sp oral taxon 299 , Prevotella sp oral taxon 317 , Prevotella sp oral taxon 472 , Prevotella tannerae, Prevotella timonensis or Prevotella veroralis.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein low abundance of Prevotellaceae and high relative abundance of one or more of Lactobacillaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Clostridiales Incertae Sedis IV, Bacteroidaceae or Ruminococcaceae in relation to other bacteria in the sample indicates a high probability of the subject developing or having PD.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein relative abundances of further bacteria are measured and low relative abundance of Prevotella or Prevotellaceae and of one or more of Bacteroidia, Clostridiaceae, Clostridium sensu stricto, Faecalibacterium, Mogibacterium, Oscillibacter, Sutterella and Roseburia in relation to other bacteria in the sample and the high relative abundance of one or more of the bacteria selected from the following group: Acetivibrio, Actinobacteria, Allobaculum, Agromonas, Anaerotruncus, Bacteroides, Blautia, Butyricicoccus, Clostridium IV, Collinsella, Coriobacteriaceae, Coriobacteriales, Eggerthella, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae, Mahella, Parabacteroides, Phaeovibrio, Porphyromonadaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillibacter, Saccharofermentans or Sporobacterium in relation to other bacteria in the sample, indicates a high probability of the subject developing or having PD.