Cardiomyocyte maturation
This disclosure generally concerns the fields of cell biology and molecular biology. In particular the invention concerns the field of stem cell biology and maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Disclosed is a method for improving the maturity of stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes, in particular of the ventricular type, as can be witnessed by, for example, an improved upstroke velocity of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes.
1. A method of improving maturity of stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes having an embryonic, fetal or immature state of development, wherein the method comprises the step of cultivating said stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes in a defined medium that elevates the cAMP levels of said stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes, by contacting said stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes to an effective amount of a thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog and a cAMP-raising compound in said defined medium,
thereby improving the maturity of said stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes that show adult-like electrophysiological characteristics after said contacting compared to stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes that have not been contacted with said defined medium comprising the thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog, and the cAMP-raising compound.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes are cultivated in said defined medium comprising the thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog, and the cAMP-raising compound for a period selected from the group consisting of at least 2 hours, at least 6 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 24 hours, at least 30 hours, at least 48 hours, at least 60 hours, and at least 72 hours.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in maturity is determined by at least measuring the upstroke velocity of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultivated in the defined medium comprising the thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog, and the cAMP-raising compound, and wherein the upstroke velocity of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultivated in said medium is higher than the upstroke velocity of stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes not cultivated in said medium.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the upstroke velocity of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultivated in said defined medium comprising the thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog, and the cAMP-raising compound, is selected from the group consisting of at least 50 V/s, at least 60 V/s, at least 80 V/s, at least 100 V/s, at least 140 V/s, and at least 180 V/s.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the upstroke velocity of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultivated in said defined medium comprising the thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog, and the cAMP-raising compound, is selected from the group consisting of at least 50 V/s, at least 60 V/s, at least 80 V/s, at least 100 V/s, at least 140 V/s, and at least 180 V/s, and wherein the resting membrane potential of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultivated in said defined medium is determined and is selected from the group consisting of −66 mV or less, −70 mV or less, −75 mV or less, −78 mV or less, −80 mV or less, −81 mV and −82 mV.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in maturity is determined by at least measuring a resting membrane potential of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultivated in said defined medium comprising the thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog, and the cAMP-raising compound, and wherein the resting membrane potential of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultivated in said defined medium is lower than the resting membrane potential of stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes not cultivated in said defined medium.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the resting membrane potential of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes cultivated in said defined medium comprising the thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog, and the cAMP-raising compound, is selected from the group consisting of −66 mV or less, −70 mV or less, −75 mV or less, −78 mV or less, −80 mV or less, −81 mV and −82 mV.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cAMP-raising compound is selected from the group consisting of a cAMP-degrading enzyme inhibitor, a cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a cAMP-raising drug, a cAMP-raising hormone, an adenylyl cyclase activator, a cAMP analog, IBMX, GLP-1, GIP, glucagon, forskolin, dibutyryl-cAMP, isoproterenol, and combinations thereof.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes are stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes obtained by in vitro culturing of stem cells.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes are human stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the defined medium further comprises:
(a) 0-5000 mg/L glucose; and
(b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of L-carnitine, creatine, taurine, insulin, transferrin, selenium, cholesterol, polyvinylalcohol, α-monothioglycerol, bovine serum albumin, and fatty-acids.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the defined medium does not comprise glucose.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the defined medium is a serum-free medium.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thyroid hormone or thyroid hormone analog is selected from the group consisting of triiodothyronine and 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA).