Positive electrode materials having a superior hardness strength
A powderous positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, the material having the general formula Li 1 +x[Ni1−a−b−cMaM′bM″c]1−xO2−z; M being either one or more elements of the group Mn, Zr and Ti, M′ being either one or more elements of the group Al, B and Co, M″ being a dopant different from M and M′, x, a, b and c being expressed in mol with −0.02≤x≤0.02, 0≤c≤0.05, 0.10≤(a+b)≤0.65 and 0≤z≤0.05; and wherein the powderous material is characterized by having a BET value ≤0.37 m 2 /g, a Dmax<50 μm, and a hardness strength index ΔΓ(P) of no more than 100%+(1−2a−b)×160% for P=200 MPa, wherein (Formula I) (I) with D 10p=0 being the D10 value of the unconstrained powder (P=0 M Pa), r°(D 10p=0) being the cumulative volume particle size distribution of the unconstrained powder at D 10p=0, and Γ p (D 10p=0) being the cumulative volume particle size distribution at D10p=0 of the pressed samples with P being expressed in M Pa.
1. A powderous positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery, the material having the general formula Li 1+x [Ni 1−a−b−c M a M′ b M″ c ] 1−x O 2−z ;
M being either one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Zr and Ti,
M′ being either one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, B and Co,
M″ being a dopant different from M and M′,
x, a, b and c being expressed in mol with −0.02≤x≤0.02, 0≤c≤0.05, 0.10≤(a+b)≤0.65 and 0≤z≤0.05;
wherein the powderous material is subject to controlled milling to result in a BET value ≤0.37 m 2 /g, a D max <50 μm, and wherein the powderous material in an unconstrained state has a first cumulative particle size distribution having a D10 value represented by D10 P=0 , wherein the powderous material after being pressed at 200 MPa and subsequently being gently deagglomerated has a second cumulative particle size distribution, wherein Γ P (D10 P=0 ) represents a percentage of particles of the second cumulative particle size distribution having a size smaller than or equal to D10 P=0 , wherein Γ P (D10 P=0 ) is no more than 36%-16%(2a+b), and
wherein the powderous material is formed from a precursor material comprising a metal oxy-hydroxide.
2. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , wherein M=Mn and M′comprises either one of Al or Co.
3. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , wherein Γ P (D10 P=0 ) is no more than 41%-16%(2a+b) for P=300 MPa.
4. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , wherein Γ P (D10 P=0 ) is no more than 32.5%-10%(2a+b) for P=300 MPa.
5. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , wherein Γ P (D10 P=0 ) is no more than 28% for P=300 MPa.
6. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , wherein 1-a−b≥0.5 and 1+x<1.
7. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , having a BET value after wash >1 m 2 /g.
8. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , having a pressed density greater than 3.0 g/cm 3 .
9. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , comprising up to 2 mol % of W, Mo, Nb, Zr, or a rare earth element.
10. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , having a soluble base content (Li 2 CO 3 +LiOH)<0.8 wt %.
11. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , comprising secondary particles substantially free from porosities larger than 20 nm.
12. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , comprising secondary particles containing less than 20 voids larger than 20 nm.
13. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , having a FWHM value of the (104) peak as defined by a pseudo hexagonal lattice with R-3m space group which is greater than 0.125 2-theta degrees.
14. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , having a FWHM value of the (015) peak as defined by a pseudo hexagonal lattice with R-3m space group which is greater than 0.125 2-theta degrees.
15. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , having a FWHM value of the (113) peak as defined by a pseudo hexagonal lattice with R-3m space group which is greater than 0.16 2-theta degrees.
16. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , having a second phase LiNx′Oy′ with 0<x′<1 and 0<y′<2, where N is selected from the group consisting of either one or more of W, Mo, Nb, Zr and rare earth elements.
17. A method for preparing the powderous positive electrode material according to claim 1 , the material having the general formula
Li 1+x [Ni 1−a−b−c M a M′ b M″ c ] 1−x O 2−z , the method comprising:
providing a mixture of one or more precursor materials comprising either one or more of Ni, M, M′ or M″, and a precursor material comprising Li,
sintering the mixture at a temperature T expressed in ° C., with (945 (248*(1−2a−b)≤T≤(985−(248*(1−2a−b)), thereby obtaining agglomerated particles, and
pulverizing the agglomerated particles whereby a powder is obtained having the BET≤0.37 m 2 /g and the D max <50 μm.
18. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , wherein Γ P (D10 P=0 ) is no more than 24% for P=300 MPa.
19. The powderous positive electrode material of claim 1 , wherein Γ P (D10 P=0 ) is no more than 20% for P=300 MPa.