Method for reducing arsenic concentration in aqueous solutions
Method of reducing the arsenic concentration in an aqueous solution comprising undesired arsenic, which method comprises contacting the aqueous solution with a complex of Formula (I), (Formula (I)) wherein M1 and M2 are the same or different and are independently selected from V, Mn, Ga, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe or Zn; wherein a is 0, or 1, and b is 0, or 1, provided that a+b together must be at least 1; Q is a negatively charged counter ion; n is from 1 to 5; X1 is OH, O, SH or S; L1 is a group selected from —La1-C(O)NR—, —La2-C(O)OR—, —La3-NRC(O)—, La4-OC(O)—, La5-O— or La6-NRO—, wherein La1, La2, La3, La4, La5 and La6 are each C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted, R is H or C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted; Linker is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain with from 1 to 10 repeating units, a C1-16 polyamine chain or a C1-16 alkyl chain; Z is a solid support; L2 to L7 are independently C1-3 alkyl, optionally substituted; and Het1 to Het4 are independently 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl group having at least one N atom and optionally substituted.
1. A method of reducing the arsenic concentration in an aqueous solution that comprises arsenic, which method comprises contacting the aqueous solution with a complex of Formula I,
wherein M 1 and M 2 are the same or different and are independently selected from V, Mn, Ga, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe or Zn; wherein a is 0, or 1, and b is 0, or 1, provided that a+b together must be at least 1;
Q is a negatively charged counter ion, wherein the negatively charged counter ion is NO 3 − , ClO 4 − , AcO − , PF 6 − , BF 4 − , Cl − , BPh 4 − or Br − ;
n is from 1 to 5;
X 1 is OH, O, SH or S;
L 1 is a group selected from -L a1 -C(O)NR—, -L a2 -C(O)OR—, -L a3 -NRC(O)—, L a4 -OC(O)—, L a5 -O— or L a6 -NRO—, wherein L a1 , L a2 , L a3 , L a4 , L a5 and L a6 are each C 1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted, R is H or C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted;
Linker is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain with from 1 to 10 repeating units, a C 1-16 polyamine chain or a C 1-16 alkyl chain;
Z is a solid support;
L 2 to L 7 are independently C 1-3 alkyl, optionally substituted; and
Het 1 to Het 4 are independently 5 to 14 membered heteroaryl group having at least one N atom and optionally substituted.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method reduces the concentration of arsenic in the aqueous solution to less than about 10 μg L −1 .
3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the method reduces the concentration of arsenic in the aqueous solution to less than about 5 μg L −1 .
4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the method reduces the concentration of arsenic in the aqueous solution to less than about 1 μg L −1 .
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the solid support is a polystyrene based resin.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the Linker is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain with from 1 to 10 repeating units.
7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the solid support is a polystyrene based resin and the Linker is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain with from 1 to 10 repeating units.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein one of M 1 or M 2 is zinc or both M 1 and M 2 are zinc.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the initial pH of the aqueous solution prior to a point of contact with the complex of Formula I is from about 1 to about 10.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the initial pH of the aqueous solution prior to a point of contact with the complex of Formula I is from about 5 to about 10.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the initial pH prior to a point of contact with the complex of Formula I is about 7.
12. A method according to claim 1 , comprising the additional step of regenerating the complex of Formula I.
13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the complex of Formula I is regenerated by contacting a complex of Formula I to which arsenic is bound with a solution of an alkali metal salt or an alkali earth metal salt having a pH of from about 7 to about 10.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the solution is of a halide salt of an alkali metal.
15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein the complex of Formula I is regenerated by contacting the complex of Formula I to which arsenic is bound with a NaCl or NaOAc solution having a pH from about 7 to about 10.
16. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
contacting the complex of Formula I to which arsenic is bound formed in step (i) with a NaCl or NaOAc solution having a pH of from about 7 to about 10.
17. A method according to claim 1 , comprising the additional step of filtering the aqueous solution comprising arsenic before contacting with a complex of Formula I.
18. A method according to claim 1 , comprising the additional step of filtering the aqueous solution comprising a complex of Formula I to which arsenic is bound after the aqueous solution has been contacted with a complex of Formula I.
19. A method according to claim 1 , comprising the additional step of reacting the aqueous solution comprising arsenic with an oxidising agent before contacting with a complex of Formula I, such that any arsenite present in the aqueous solution is oxidised to arsenate.
20. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the complex of formula I is used in combination with an additional absorbent.
21. A method according to claim 20 , wherein the additional absorbent is an iron oxide absorbent.
22. A method for providing potable water comprising a method according to claim 1 .
23. A complex of Formula IV,
wherein Z is a solid support and the linker is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain with from 1 to 10 repeating units, a C 1-16 polyamine chain or a C 1-16 alkyl chain.
24. A complex according to claim 23 , wherein the solid support is a polystyrene based resin.
25. A complex according to claim 24 , wherein the solid support is a polystyrene based resin and the Linker is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain with from 1 to 10 repeating units.