Method and system for marking manufactured items to detect unauthorized refilling
A method for marking a manufactured item is provided, the manufactured item comprising a container and a removable closure for the container, the method comprising: generating a first code for the container, generating a second code for the closure, marking the container with the first code, and marking the closure with the second code, wherein the first code and the second code are interrelated such that at least a portion of one of the first code and the second code can be derived from the other of the first code and the second code. In an authentication process one of the first or second codes or a portion of the first or second code, in encrypted or unencrypted form, may be compared with a value derived from reading the other of the first or second code.
1. An apparatus for marking a manufactured item, the manufactured item comprising a container and a removable closure for the container, the apparatus comprising:
one or more computer processors for generating a first code for the container and a second code for the closure;
at least one marker configured to mark the container with the first code and the closure with the second code;
wherein the first code and the second code are different but interrelated such that at least a portion of one of the first code and the second code can be derived from the other of the first code and the second code, and wherein at least a portion of the first or second code is derived by performing a cryptographic process on the other of the first or second code.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the cryptographic process comprises combining the other of the first or second code with secret information.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein either the first or second code, or both the first and second code, encode production details for the manufactured item.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus forms part of a production line in which a plurality of containers are filled and closed with a closure to form manufactured items and comprises a first marking means for marking the containers and a second marking means for marking the closures, a controller and one or more sensors configured to monitor the containers through the production line and to control the first and second marking means to ensure that the corresponding first and second codes are applied to the same manufactured item.
5. A method for marking a manufactured item, the manufactured item comprising a container and a removable closure for the container, the method comprising:
generating a first code for the container;
generating a second code for the closure;
marking the container with the first code; and
marking the closure with the second code, wherein the first code and the second code are different but interrelated such that at least a portion of one of the first code and the second code can be derived from the other of the first code and the second code, and wherein at least a portion of the first or second code is derived by performing a cryptographic process on the other of the first or second code.
6. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the cryptographic process comprises cryptographic hashing, key hashing, symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption or any combination of these processes.
7. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the cryptographic process comprises combining the other of the first or second code with secret information.
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the secret information is derived from at least a portion of the first or second code.
9. A method according to claim 5 , wherein either the first or second code, or both the first and second code, encode production details for the manufactured item.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the production details uniquely identify the manufactured item from within a batch of manufactured items.
11. A method according to claim 5 , wherein the container comprises a bottle and the closure comprises a cap.
12. A method according to claim 5 , the method further comprising:
reading one of the first code and the second code and at least a portion of the other of the first code and the second code,
deriving a portion of the other of the first code and the second code from the one of the first code and the second code;
comparing the derived portion of the other of the first code and the second code with the read portion of the other of the first code and the second code; and
providing an indication that the manufactured item is authentic if the derived portion of the other of the first code and the second code is identical to the read portion of the other of the first code and the second code.
13. A manufactured item comprising a container and a closure, wherein the container is marked with first code and the closure is marked with a second code, wherein the first code and the second code are different but interrelated such that at least a portion of one of the first code and the second code can be derived from the other of the first code and the second code, and wherein at least a portion of the first or second code is derived by performing a cryptographic process on the other of the first or second code.
14. A manufactured item according to claim 13 , wherein the container comprises a bottle and the closure comprises a cap.
15. A manufactured item according to claim 13 , wherein the first or second code is placed on the closure or container such that it must be destroyed during removal of the closure from the container.
16. A manufactured item according to claim 13 , wherein the cryptographic process comprises combining the other of the first or second code with secret information.
17. A manufactured item according to claim 13 , wherein either the first or second code, or both the first and second code, encode production details for the manufactured item.
18. A method of authenticating a manufactured item comprising a container and a removable closure for the container, the method comprising:
generating a first code for the container;
generating a second code for the closure;
marking the container with the first code;
marking the closure with the second code,
wherein at least a portion of the first or second code is derived by performing a cryptographic process on the other of the first or second code process such that at least a portion of one of the first code and the second code can be derived from the other of the first code and the second code;
reading one of the first code and the second code and at least a portion of the other of the first code and the second code,
deriving a portion of the other of the first code and the second code from the one of the first code and the second code;
comparing the derived portion of the other of the first code and the second code with the read portion of the other of the first code and the second code; and
providing an indication that the manufactured item is authentic if the derived portion of the other of the first code and the second code is identical to the read portion of the other of the first code and the second code.
19. A method according to claim 18 , wherein the cryptographic process comprises combining the other of the first or second code with secret information.
20. A method according to claim 18 , wherein either the first or second code, or both the first and second code, encode production details for the manufactured item.