Molecular inks
A flake-less molecular ink suitable for printing (e.g. screen printing) conductive traces on a substrate has 30-60 wt % of a C 8 -C 12 silver carboxylate or 5-75 wt % of bis(2-ethyl-1-hexylamine) copper (II) formate, bis(octylamine) copper (II) formate or tris(octylamine) copper (II) formate, 0.1-10 wt % of a polymeric binder (e.g. ethyl cellulose) and balance of at least one organic solvent. Conductive traces formed with the molecular ink are thinner, have lower resistivity, have greater adhesion to a substrate than metal flake inks, have better print resolution and are up to 8 times less rough than metal flake inks. In addition, the shear force required to remove light emitting diodes bonded to the traces using Loctite 3880 is at least 1.3 times stronger than for commercially available flake-based inks.
1. A molecular ink comprising a flake-less printable composition of 30-60 wt % of a C8-C12 silver carboxylate, 0.1-10 wt % of a polymeric binder and balance of at least one organic solvent, all weights based on total weight of the composition, wherein the binder is ethyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose has an average weight average molecular weight in the range of 60,000-95,000 g/mol and a bimodal molecular weight distribution, wherein the ethyl cellulose comprises a mixture of ethyl celluloses comprising a first ethyl cellulose having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from 60,000-70,000 g/mol and a second ethyl cellulose having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from 90,000-100,000 g/mol and wherein the at least one organic solvent comprises terpineol and xylene.
2. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the silver carboxylate is present in an amount of 45-55 wt % and the ethyl cellulose present in an amount of 2.5-5 wt %.
3. The ink according to claim 2 , wherein the silver carboxylate is silver neodecanoate.
4. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent further comprises diethylbenzene.
5. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent further comprises 1-octanol.
6. The ink according to claim 1 having a viscosity of 1500 cP or greater.
7. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises: 45-55 wt % of silver neodecanoate; 2.5-5 wt % of a mixture of a first ethyl cellulose having a weight average molecular weight in a range of from 60,000-70,000 g/mol and a second ethyl cellulose having a weight average molecular weight in a range of from 90,000-100,000 g/mol; and, balance of the at least one organic solvent, all weights based on total weight of the composition.
8. The molecular ink according to claim 1 , wherein heating the ink to 125-250° C. on a substrate results in the production of interconnected silver nanoparticles bound by the binder.
9. The molecular ink according to claim 8 , wherein the ink is heated to 150-230° C.
10. The molecular ink according to claim 9 , wherein the ink is heated to 200-230° C.
11. A process for producing a conductive metal trace on a substrate, comprising printing the ink as defined in claim 1 onto a substrate to form a trace of the ink on the substrate, and sintering the trace of the ink on the printed substrate to form the conductive metal trace.
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the printing is screen printing.
13. A printed substrate comprising a conductive trace produced by the process defined in claim 11 .
14. The substrate according to claim 13 , wherein, the conductive trace has a thickness of 1 micron or less, a sheet resistance of 5 mOhm/sq/mil or less and does not develop an open circuit break over a period of at least 1 day.
15. The substrate according to claim 14 , wherein the conductive trace can maintain said resistance with a change of 10% or less after 10 compressive bend or 10 tensile bend cycles according to ASTM Test F1683-02.
16. The substrate according to claim 14 , wherein the conductive trace can maintain said resistance with a change of 10% or less after 1 compressive or 1 tensile crease cycle according to ASTM Test F1683-02.
17. The substrate according to claim 13 , wherein an adhesive has a bond strength to the conductive trace of 4 lbs or greater without encapsulation according to IPC Shear Force Testing.
18. The substrate according to claim 13 , wherein the conductive trace is screen printed.
19. An electronic device comprising a conductive trace on the substrate as defined in claim 13 .