Naturally dyed mulch and growing media
A method for making a dyed mulch composition or a dyed growing medium, the method comprising combining tree bark including one or more pigments and/or pigment precursors and wood components together to form an initial composition; heating the initial composition at a temperature greater than about 149° C. under steam in a pressurized vessel; processing the initial composition through a refiner with a plurality of opposing disks, the refiner separating the tree bark and wood components into fibers and separating the fibers from each other; and dyeing the wood components by the one or more pigments and/or pigment precursors while the tree bark and the wood components are being separated into fibers in the refiner to obtain dyed fibers.
1. A naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium comprising:
at least about 1 weight % fibrous pine tree bark, based on the total weight of the growing medium; and
about 50 weight % to about 99 weight % fibrous wood components, based on the total weight of the growing medium,
wherein the naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium has a dry bulk density of about 60 kg/m 3 or lower and wet bulk density of about 120 kg/m 3 or lower, and wherein the mulch composition or the growing medium has a color with a dominant wavelength from about 620 nm to about 750 nm relative to a white illuminate.
2. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 1 , wherein the mulch or growing medium comprises about 1 to about 30 weight % fibrous pine tree bark and about 70 to about 99 weight % fibrous wood components, based on the total weight of the growing medium.
3. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 1 , wherein the mulch or growing medium comprises about 1 to about 20 weight % fibrous pine tree bark and about 80 to about 99 weight % fibrous wood components, based on the total weight of the growing medium.
4. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 1 , wherein the mulch or growing medium comprises about 2 to about 20 weight % fibrous pine tree bark and about 80 to about 98 weight % fibrous wood components, based on the total weight of the growing medium.
5. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium according claim 1 , wherein moisture of the tree bark is about 30% to 60% measured according to ASTM D4442-07.
6. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium according to claim 1 , wherein the wood components include wood fibers and/or wood chips.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium further comprises tree bark from at least one of a tree selected from the group consisting of oak, walnut, mahogany, hemlock, Douglas fir, Colorado fir, alder, elm, birch, Sitka spruce, eucalyptus , sycamore, maple, cedar, sweetgum, crab apple, ash, weeping willow, sassafras , mulberry, and combinations thereof.
8. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium according to claim 1 , wherein the dyed wood fiber has a light-fastness of up to three months measured according to ASTM D4303-99.
9. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium according to claim 1 , wherein the mulch composition or growing medium has total porosity of about 90 vol. % or more.
10. A naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium comprising, based on the total weight of the growing medium:
at least about 1 weight % fibrous pine, spruce, and/or fir tree bark; and
about 50 weight % to about 99 weight % fibrous wood components; and
at least about 0.1 to 2 weight % a non-permanent dye,
wherein the naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium has a dry bulk density of about 60 kg/m 3 or lower and wet bulk density of about 120 kg/m 3 or lower, and wherein the mulch composition or the growing medium with the non-permanent dye has hsl color coordinates so that “h value” (hue) is from about 10 to about 40, “s value” (saturation) is from about 20 to about 100, and “1 value” (lightness) is less than about 50.
11. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 10 , wherein moisture of the tree bark is about 30% to 60% measured according to ASTM D4442-07.
12. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 10 , wherein the wood components include wood fibers and/or wood chips.
13. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 10 , wherein the dyed wood fiber has a light-fastness of up to three months measured according to ASTM D4303-99.
14. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 10 , wherein the mulch composition or growing medium has total porosity of about 90 vol. % or more.
15. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 10 , wherein the non-permanent dye comprises mineral-based dyestuffs.
16. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium according to claim 10 , wherein the mulch composition or the growing medium has a color with a dominant wavelength from about 620 nm to about 750 nm relative to a white illuminate.
17. A naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium comprising:
at least about 1 weight % fibrous tree bark, based on the total weight of the growing medium; and
about 50 weight % to about 99 weight % fibrous wood components, based on the total weight of the growing medium,
wherein the naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium has a dry bulk density of about 60 kg/m 3 or lower and wet bulk density of about 120 kg/m 3 or lower, and wherein the mulch composition or the growing medium has a color with a dominant wavelength from about 620 nm to about 750 nm relative to a white illuminate.
18. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 17 , wherein the fibrous tree bark comprises tree bark from at least one of a tree selected from the group consisting of oak, walnut, mahogany, hemlock, Douglas fir, Colorado fir, alder, elm, birch, Sitka spruce, eucalyptus , sycamore, maple, cedar, sweetgum, crab apple, ash, weeping willow, sassafras , mulberry, and combinations thereof.
19. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 17 , wherein the mulch or growing medium further comprises at least one of non-permanent dye(s), fertilizer(s), macronutrient(s), micronutrient(s), mineral(s), chemical binder(s), natural gum(s), interlocking manmade fiber(s), or soil.
20. The naturally-dyed mulch or growing medium of claim 17 , wherein the wood components comprise wood chips.