Electric switching device for medium and/or high-voltage uses
An electric switching device may include at least two conductor elements that can be placed at a distance from one another and contacted with each other using a moving mechanism, and a housing that defines a circuit breaker chamber, wherein the housing is made of an insulator, and at least partly surrounds the conductor elements. At least one face of the housing may have a resistive coating made of a matrix material filled with a filler, wherein the coating has a sheet resistance between 10 8 and 10 12 ohm at the operating field strength, and is conductingly connected to the conductor elements.
1. An electric switching device, comprising:
at least two conductor elements,
a moving mechanism configured to control a distance between the at least two conductor elements and place the at least two conductor elements in contact with one another,
a housing that defines a switching chamber, wherein the housing comprises an insulator and at least partially surrounds the at least two conductor elements,
wherein at least one side of the housing has a resistive coating comprising a matrix material filled with a filler,
wherein the coating has a sheet resistance between 10 8 and 10 12 ohm at an operating field strength,
wherein a concentration or material composition of the resistive coating filler is varied along a longitudinal direction of the electric switching device, the varied concentration or material composition of the resistive coating filler providing a varied sheet resistance of the resistive coating along the longitudinal direction as a function of a change in the electric field along the longitudinal direction under operating conditions, and
wherein the coating is conductively connected to the at least two conductor elements.
2. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the coating has a current or voltage characteristic having an upward gradient described by a non-linear exponent of less than 6.
3. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the filler comprises tin oxide SnO 2 or silicon carbide SiC.
4. The switching device of claim 3 , wherein the filler comprises at least one of tin oxide doped with antimony or silicon carbide doped with aluminum.
5. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material is selected from the group consisting of elastomers, thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics and glass.
6. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the coating has a thickness of 100 μm to 500 μm.
7. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the filler comprises particles of a grain size of 100 nm to 300 μm.
8. The switching device of claim 7 , wherein the particles are platelets made of a base material comprising mica, wherein the platelets are coated with tin oxide SnO 2 or silicon carbide SiC, with a layer thickness within the range of 10 to 100 nm, and wherein the particles are outwardly covered by an electrically conductive layer comprising titanium oxide TiO 2.
9. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the switching device comprises a vacuum interrupter.
10. The switching device of claim 9 wherein, in a region of contact between the conductor elements, the vacuum interrupter has a shielding element that influences the electric field at the insulator, is arranged within the switching chamber, is held between two housing parts of the housing, and is configured to catch free metal particles of the conductor elements.
11. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the filler concentration is 10% to 90% by weight.
12. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the filler concentration is 40% to 60% by weight.
13. The switching device of claim 1 , wherein the filler comprises particles of a grain size of 1 μm to 50 μm.
14. An electric switching device, comprising:
at least two conductor elements,
a moving mechanism configured to control a distance between the at least two conductor elements and place the at least two conductor elements in contact with one another,
a housing that defines a switching chamber, wherein the housing comprises at least one insulator arranged between a pair of housing end caps and at least partially surrounds the at least two conductor elements,
wherein at least one side of the housing has a resistive coating comprising a matrix material filled with a filler,
wherein the resistive coating extends over an entire longitudinal length of the electric switching device between the pair of housing end caps,
wherein the coating has a sheet resistance between 10 8 and 10 12 ohm at an operating field strength, and
wherein the coating is conductively connected to the at least two conductor elements,
wherein a concentration or material composition of the resistive coating filler is varied along a longitudinal direction of the electric switching device, the varied concentration or material composition of the resistive coating filler providing a varied sheet resistance of the resistive coating along the longitudinal direction as a function of a change in the electric field along the longitudinal direction under operating conditions.
15. An electric switching device, comprising:
at least two conductor elements arranged along a central longitudinal axis of the electric switching device,
a moving mechanism configured to control a distance between the at least two conductor elements and place the at least two conductor elements in contact with one another,
a housing that defines a switching chamber, wherein the housing comprises:
a pair of circumferential insulators at least partially surrounding the at least two conductor elements, and
a circumferential shielding element arranged longitudinally between the pair of circumferential insulators in a contact-making region of the electric switching device,
wherein a radial distance from the central longitudinal axis of the electric switching device to a radially inward surface of the circumferential shielding element is greater than a radial distance from the central longitudinal axis of the electric switching device to a radially inward surface of each circumferential insulator,
wherein at least one side of the housing has a resistive coating comprising a matrix material filled with a filler,
wherein the coating has a sheet resistance between 10 8 and 10 12 ohm at an operating field strength, and
wherein the coating is conductively connected to the at least two conductor elements,
wherein a concentration or material composition of the resistive coating filler is varied along a longitudinal direction of the electric switching device, the varied concentration or material composition of the resistive coating filler providing a varied sheet resistance of the resistive coating along the longitudinal direction as a function of a change in the electric field along the longitudinal direction under operating conditions.