LIQUID FORMULATIONS, PROCESSES FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE, AND USE OF SUCH LIQUID FORMULATIONS
A liquid formulation is provided. The liquid formulation contains at least one aprotic organic solvent, at least one lithium salt, at least 1.5% by weight of a compound of formula (I) based on a total weight of the liquid formulation, essentially no 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, and optionally at least one additive other than (C): where R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, phenyl, or 2- and 4-pyridyl, which may be substituted with one or more moieties of F, CN, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and CF 3 ; each R 2 is independently C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, CN, or fluorine; a is a number of from zero to four; and X is O—SO 2 —R 1 or hydrogen.
1 : A liquid formulation, comprising
(A) at least one aprotic organic solvent,
(B) at least one lithium salt,
(C) at least 1.5% by weight of one compound of formula (I), based on a total weight of the liquid formulation:
wherein:
R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, phenyl, or 2- and 4-pyridyl, which is non-substituted or substituted with one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of F, CN, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and CF 3 ,
R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, CN, and fluorine,
a is a number of from zero to four,
X is O—SO 2 —R 1 or hydrogen,
(D) zero to 0.01% by weight of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, based on the total weight of the liquid formulation,
(E) and, optionally, at least one additive other than (C).
2 : The liquid formulation according claim 1 , wherein a is zero.
3 : The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is CH 3 .
4 : The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one aprotic solvent (A) is at least one organic carbonate.
5 : The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , comprising the at least one additive (E), which is selected from the group consisting of an organic phosphate, an organic phosphonate, an organic sultone, and LiBOB.
6 : The liquid formulations according to claim 1 , wherein X is hydrogen.
7 : The liquid formulation according to claim 1 , comprising
in total 0.1 to 25% by weight of the at least one lithium salt (B),
in total 1.5 to 10% of the compound (C) of formula (1), and
zero to in total 30% of the least one additive (E),
based on the total weight of the liquid formulation.
8 : A method for manufacturing an electrochemical cell, the method comprising:
introducing the liquid formation according to claim 1 into the electrochemical cell.
9 : An electrochemical cell, comprising
(a) one cathode
(b) one anode,
(c) a separator, and
(d) an electrolyte comprising the liquid formulation according to claim 1 .
10 : The electrochemical cell according to claim 9 , wherein the cathode (a) contains at least one cathode active material selected from the group consisting of LiCoO 2 , lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and layered lithiated nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide.