Universal tensegrity joints for human exoskeleton

1. An exoskeleton comprising:

a first compression member configured to be coupled to a wearer of the exoskeleton;

a second compression member configured to be coupled to the wearer;

a tensegrity joint connecting the first compression member to the second compression member, the joint including a tensile member having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is coupled to the first compression member on a first side of the joint, and the second end is coupled to the first compression member on a second side of the joint opposite the first side, and wherein:

each of the first and second ends is directly coupled to the first compression member; or

the first end is directly coupled to a first support, the second end is directly coupled to a second support and each of the first and second supports is directly coupled to the first compression member.

2. The exoskeleton of claim 1 , wherein the joint further includes a tensile member guide through which the tensile member passes.

3. The exoskeleton of claim 1 , wherein:

the joint is an exoskeleton ankle joint;

one of the first and second compression members is a lower leg support; and

the other of the first and second compression members is a boot support.

4. The exoskeleton of claim 1 , wherein:

the joint is an exoskeleton abdominal joint;

one of the first and second compression members is a torso support; and

the other of the first and second compression members is a waist support.

5. The exoskeleton of claim 1 , wherein:

the joint is an exoskeleton hip joint;

one of the first and second compression members is a waist support; and

the other of the first and second compression members is an upper leg support.

6. The exoskeleton of claim 1 , wherein the joint constitutes a first tensegrity joint, the exoskeleton further comprising:

a third compression member configured to be coupled to the wearer;

a second tensegrity joint connecting the second compression member to the third compression member, the second tensegrity joint including a tensile member having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is coupled to the second compression member on a first side of the second tensegrity joint, and the second end is coupled to the second compression member on a second side of the second tensegrity joint opposite the first side.

7. The exoskeleton of claim 1 , wherein the exoskeleton is configured such that weight borne by one of the first and second compression members is transferred to the other of the first and second compression members through the tensile member.

8. An exoskeleton comprising:

a first compression member configured to be coupled to a wearer of the exoskeleton;

a second compression member configured to be coupled to the wearer;

a tensegrity joint connecting the first compression member to the second compression member, the joint including a tensile member having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is coupled to the first compression member on a first side of the joint, the second end is coupled to the first compression member on a second side of the joint opposite the first side, the joint further includes a first pulley on the first side of the joint and a second pulley on the second side of the joint, and the tensile member is wrapped around each of the first and second pulleys.

9. The exoskeleton of claim 8 , wherein each of the first and second pulleys is connected to the second compression member.

10. The exoskeleton of claim 9 , wherein:

each of the first and second pulleys is directly coupled to the second compression member; or

the first pulley is directly coupled to a first support, the second pulley is directly coupled to a second support and each of the first and second supports is directly coupled to the second compression member.

11. A method of increasing flexibility of a joint of an exoskeleton including a first compression member configured to be coupled to a wearer of the exoskeleton, a second compression member configured to be coupled to the wearer and a tensegrity joint connecting the first compression member to the second compression member, the method comprising:

configuring the joint as a tensegrity joint by coupling a first end of a tensile member to the first compression member on a first side of the joint and coupling a second end of the tensile member to the first compression member on a second side of the joint opposite the first side, and further comprising:

directly coupling each of the first and second ends to the first compression member; or

directly coupling the first end to a first support and directly coupling the second end to a second support, wherein each of the first and second supports is directly coupled to the first compression member.

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising passing the tensile member through a tensile member guide.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the joint is an exoskeleton ankle joint, one of the first and second compression members is a lower leg support and the other of the first and second compression members is a boot support, the method further comprising:

coupling the lower leg support to a lower leg of the wearer; and

coupling the boot support to a boot worn by the wearer.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the joint is an exoskeleton abdominal joint, one of the first and second compression members is a torso support and the other of the first and second compression members is a waist support, the method further comprising:

coupling the torso support to a torso of the wearer; and

coupling the waist support to a waist of the wearer.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the joint is an exoskeleton hip joint, one of the first and second compression members is a waist support and the other of the first and second compression members is an upper leg support, the method further comprising:

coupling the waist support to a waist of the wearer; and

coupling the upper leg support to an upper leg of the wearer.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the joint constitutes a first joint, and the exoskeleton further includes a third compression member configured to be coupled to the wearer and a second joint connecting the second compression member to the third compression member, the method further comprising:

configuring the second joint as a tensegrity joint by coupling a first end of a tensile member to the second compression member on a first side of the second joint and coupling a second end of the tensile member to the second compression member on a second side of the second joint opposite the first side.

17. A method of increasing flexibility of a joint of an exoskeleton including a first compression member configured to be coupled to a wearer of the exoskeleton, a second compression member configured to be coupled to the wearer and a tensegrity joint connecting the first compression member to the second compression member, the method comprising:

configuring the joint as a tensegrity joint by coupling a first end of a tensile member to the first compression member on a first side of the joint and coupling a second end of the tensile member to the first compression member on a second side of the joint opposite the first side, wherein the joint further includes a first pulley on the first side of the joint and a second pulley on the second side of the joint; and

wrapping the tensile member around each of the first and second pulleys.

18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising connecting each of the first and second pulleys to the second compression member.

19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:

directly coupling each of the first and second pulleys to the second compression member; or

directly coupling the first pulley to a first support and directly coupling the second pulley to a second support, wherein each of the first and second supports is directly coupled to the second compression member.