Electronic horn for trains
An electronic horn for a train includes a microcontroller and a horn configured to provide an audible output sound, the microcontroller configured to provide one or more signals to the horn indicative of a desired audible output sound from the horn. The microcontroller is configured to vary an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn as a function of a speed of the vehicle. The microcontroller is also configured to vary an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn as a function of a period of time within a calendar. Also, the horn includes a horn body and a compression driver, the horn body being mechanically connected with the compression driver. A feedback loop circuit includes the microcontroller and the compression driver, the feedback loop circuit being configured to control an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn.
1. An apparatus for use on a vehicle, comprising:
a microcontroller; and
a horn configured to provide an audible output sound, the microcontroller configured to provide one or more signals to the horn indicative of a desired audible output sound from the horn;
wherein the microcontroller is configured to vary an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn as a function of a speed of the vehicle; and
wherein the microcontroller being configured to vary an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn as a function of a speed of the vehicle comprises the microcontroller being configured to implement a low pass filter that operates on a signal indicative of a speed of the vehicle and to vary an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn in a proportional or disproportional manner as a function of a speed of the vehicle for a certain range of values of the speed of the vehicle, to set an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn at a fixed predetermined minimum value as a function of a speed of the vehicle for a certain range of values of the speed of the vehicle below a certain minimum speed value, and to set an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn at a fixed predetermined maximum value as a function of a speed of the vehicle for a certain range of values of the speed of the vehicle above a certain maximum speed value.
2. Apparatus for use on a vehicle, comprising:
a microcontroller; and
a horn configured to provide an audible output sound, the horn including a horn body and a compression driver, the horn body being mechanically connected with the compression driver;
wherein the microcontroller provides one or more electrical signals to the horn indicative of a desired audible output sound from the horn;
wherein the compression driver is responsive to the one or more electrical signals from the microcontroller to provide an audible sound as a function of the one or more electrical signals from the microcontroller, the horn body being responsive to the audible sound from the compression driver to provide an amplified sound output that comprises the audible output sound from the horn; and
wherein the apparatus further comprises a feedback loop circuit which includes the microcontroller and the compression driver, the feedback loop circuit being configured to control an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the microcontroller is configured to search for an actual resonant frequency of the horn and for frequencies near to the resonant frequency of the horn and to shift the frequency in a certain range that allows the audible output sound to attain a maximum value.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the feedback loop circuit comprises the compression driver including a permanent magnet and a coil of wire, wherein the microcontroller is configured to read a value of a DC power supply voltage to determine an amount of voltage being applied to the compression driver as made by the permanent magnet and the coil of wire, wherein the microcontroller is configured to determine a value of an electrical current flowing in the coil of wire, wherein the microcontroller is configured to determine an amount of electrical power being output to the compression driver to control an intensity of the audible output sound from the horn.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the microcontroller is configured to determine an amount of electrical power being output to the compression driver by determining a total output power which includes power consumed by a resistance of the compression driver, any magnetic loss in the compression driver, and the output sound power which is proportional or disproportional to the output sound intensity, wherein the microcontroller is configured to compensate for the compression driver resistance and the magnetic power loss to determine an amount of output sound power which is equal to the intensity of the audible output sound from the horn.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising pulse width modulation switching circuitry connected to the microcontroller, wherein the pulse width modulation switching circuitry is responsive to the one or more electrical signals from the microcontroller indicative of a desired audible output sound from the horn to provide corresponding one or more amplified driver signals to the horn and indicative of a desired audible output sound from the horn.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising one or more photo-isolation circuits disposed between the microcontroller and the pulse width modulation switching circuitry, wherein the one or more photo-isolation circuits are configured to electrically isolate the microcontroller from the pulse width modulation switching circuitry.
8. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising an enclosure configured to contain the compression driver, and a heater and a thermostat both disposed within the enclosure, wherein the heater and the thermostat are configured to control a temperature within the enclosure to within one or more preset values.