X-ray source with tube-shaped field-emitter
An x-ray tube can include an electron-emitter, which can include a tube-shape with a minimum inside diameter of at least 0.5 millimeters. The electron-emitter can provide field-emission of electrons, and thus can avoid the electrical power required for heating, and can avoid degradation due to high temperature of, a thermionic-emission electron-emitter. This type of electron-emitter, with a tube-shape, can have a relatively large electron-emission region, allowing high electrical current without excessive current density.
1. An x-ray tube comprising:
an electron-emitter, an anode, an x-ray window, an evacuated-region between the electron-emitter and the anode, the electron-emitter electrically insulated from the anode, and the anode including a material for generation of x-rays in response to impinging electrons from the electron-emitter; and
the electron-emitter capable of field-emission of electrons; having an open-end facing the anode with at least a portion of the evacuated-region located between the open-end and the anode; including an electrically-conductive path from an electron-emission region to an electrical connection for a power-supply; and
the open-end of the electron-emitter having a pointed-edge with an exterior bevel.
2. An x-ray source comprising the x-ray tube of claim 1 , the x-ray source further comprising:
a power supply, the x-ray tube electrically connected to the power supply;
the electron-emission region capable of emitting electrons to the anode, at an inside of the electron-emitter, at the open-end of the electron-emitter, or both; and
the x-ray tube further comprising an electrically-conductive enclosure, the electrically-conductive enclosure hermetically-sealed to the anode, at least partially enclosing the evacuated-region, circumscribing at least a portion of the electron-emitter, and serving as the electrically-conductive path from the anode to the electrical connection for the power supply.
3. The x-ray tube of claim 2 , wherein the electron-emitter has a proximal-end opposite of the open-end, an inner-surface of the electrically-conductive enclosure tapers inward, with a smaller inside-diameter closer to the open-end of the electron-emitter, and a larger inside-diameter closer to the proximal-end of the electron-emitter, forming a taper-angle, in order to increase an electric-field gradient at the open-end of the electron-emitter.
4. The x-ray tube of claim 2 , wherein a closest solid object to the electron-emitter at the open-end is the anode.
5. The x-ray tube of claim 1 , wherein the electron-emitter includes a tube-shape with a minimum inside diameter of at least 2 millimeters.
6. An x-ray tube comprising:
a single electron-emitter;
an anode and an x-ray window;
an evacuated-region between the single electron emitter and the anode, the single electron-emitter being electrically insulated from the anode, and the anode including a material for generation of x-rays in response to impinging electrons from the single electron-emitter;
the single electron-emitter: capable of field-emission of electrons; having an open-end facing the anode, with at least a portion of the evacuated-region located between the open-end and the anode; including an electron-emission region, capable of emitting electrons to the anode, at an inside of the single electron-emitter, or at the open-end of the single electron-emitter, or both; and including an electrically-conductive path from the electron-emission region to an electrical-connection for a power-supply; and
a cross-section of the open-end having a pointed-edge with an exterior bevel.
7. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein a closest solid object to the single electron-emitter at the open-end is the anode.
8. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein the x-ray tube is capable of operating at less than 50° Celsius.
9. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein the electron-emission region has a surface area of at least 15 square millimeters.
10. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein the electron-emission region includes thorium, barium oxide, graphene, diamond, or combinations thereof.
11. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein the electron-emission region includes a material doped with arsenic, cesium, oxygen, barium, thorium, or combinations thereof.
12. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein the single electron-emitter includes a tube-shape with a minimum inside diameter of at least 2 millimeters.
13. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein the open-end has an oblique angle of between 10° and 50° with respect to a longitudinal-axis of the single electron-emitter.
14. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein the open-end has an oblique angle of between 45° and 75° with respect to a longitudinal-axis of the single electron-emitter.
15. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , further comprising an electrically-conductive enclosure, wherein:
the electrically-conductive enclosure is hermetically-sealed to the anode, at least partially encloses the evacuated-region, and circumscribes at least a portion of the single electron-emitter;
the single electron-emitter has a proximal-end opposite of the open-end;
a portion of the single electron-emitter from the open-end towards the proximal-end for 50% of a length of the single electron-emitter defines a distal-region of the single electron-emitter; and
a first solid object, radially outward from the single electron-emitter in the distal-region, is the electrically-conductive enclosure.
16. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , further comprising an electrically-conductive enclosure, wherein:
the electrically-conductive enclosure is hermetically-sealed to the anode;
the electrically-conductive enclosure at least partially encloses the evacuated-region;
the electrically-conductive enclosure circumscribes at least a portion of the single electron-emitter;
the single electron-emitter has a proximal-end opposite of the open-end; and
an inner-surface of the electrically-conductive enclosure tapers inward, with a smaller inside-diameter closer to the open-end of the single electron-emitter, and a larger inside-diameter closer to the proximal-end of the single electron-emitter, forming a taper-angle, in order to increase an electric-field gradient at the open-end of the single electron-emitter.
17. The x-ray tube of claim 16 , wherein the taper-angle is between 2 degrees and 20 degrees.
18. The x-ray tube of claim 16 , wherein the x-ray tube forms part of an x-ray source, the x-ray source comprising the x-ray tube electrically connected to a power supply, the electrically-conductive enclosure serving as an electrically-conductive path from the anode to an electrical connection for the power supply.
19. The x-ray tube of claim 16 , wherein the x-ray tube forms part of an x-ray source, the x-ray source comprising the x-ray tube electrically connected to a power supply, the power supply providing only two bias voltages for the x-ray tube.
20. The x-ray tube of claim 6 , wherein:
the single electron-emitter has a proximal-end opposite of the open-end;
a portion of the single electron-emitter from the open-end towards the proximal-end for 50% of a length of the single electron-emitter defines a distal-region of the single electron-emitter;
any straight-line-path from the single electron-emitter to the electrically-conductive enclosure, radially outward from the single electron-emitter, perpendicular to a longitudinal-axis of the single electron-emitter along the distal-region, extends only through the evacuated-region; and
a lowest voltage, radially outward from the single electron-emitter along the distal-region, is at least 3000 volts greater than a voltage of the open-end of the single electron-emitter.