Flame retardant fabrics and process to make same
A flame retardant fabric wherein a flame retardant composition is applied to the fabric while the fabric is being stretched. Preferably, the fabric is a blend of cotton and a thermoset. Carbon fibers may be included to impart anti-static properties. The present invention includes a method of treating a woven or knitted fabric of cotton blended with a thermoset, or with a thermoplastic, or with both with a flame retardant composition comprising the steps of stretching the fabric up to 12% greater than its un-stretched dimensions and, while so stretched, applying a flame retardant to the fabric and then allowing the fabric to shrink back to its approximate original dimensions. The flame retardant may either be applied to the fabric or the fabric may be immersed in an aqueous bath containing flame retardants.
1. A method of treating a woven or knitted fabric comprising a cotton blended with at least one fiber selected from the group consisting of thermoset, thermoplastic, and carbon fibers, to impart flame retardant properties to the fabric, the method comprising the steps of:
a) stretching the fabric transversely to a width from 5 to 12% greater than its unstretched width resulting in a stretched fabric;
b) treating the stretched fabric with a flame retardant by immersing the fabric in its stretched condition in a bath of flame retardant monomer solution, wherein the flame retardant monomer solution comprises water and at least one selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous polymer of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) monomers;
c) removing the stretched fabric from the bath of flame retardant monomer solution;
d) applying ammonia to the fabric in a controlled ammonia atmosphere chamber to polymerize and cross-link the flame retardant into a cross-linked flame retardant tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium (THP) polymer composition while the fabric is in the stretched condition; and
e) allowing the stretched fabric to shrink to its pre-stretched dimensions.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the fabric comprises cotton and 10% to 30% meta-aramid fibers, by weight.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the fabric comprises up to 10% by weight para-aramid fibers.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of dyeing the fabric prior to stretching the fabric.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the flame retardant monomer solution comprises a concentration of 25% to 40% by weight of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS), or tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), and wherein treating the stretched fabric with the flame retardant provides a treated fabric having a phosphorus content.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the finished fabric comprises from 1.5% to 4.0% phosphorous content by weight.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the finished fabric has flame resistant characteristic of a char length of less than 6 inches in accordance with the ASTM F1506 test.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of g) squeezing the fabric to obtain a moisture pickup in the range of 80% to 120% by weight.
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of f) oxidizing the stretched fabric after step b).
10. A method of treating woven or knitted fabric comprising a cotton blended with at least one fiber selected from the group consisting of thermoset, thermoplastic, and carbon fibers, to impart flame retardant properties to the fabric, the method comprising the steps of:
a) stretching the fabric transversely to a width from 5 to 12% greater than its unstretched width resulting in a stretched fabric;
b) immersing said stretched fabric in a bath of flame retardant monomer solution, wherein the flame retardant monomer solution comprises water and at least one selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous polymer of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) monomers;
c) removing the stretched fabric from the monomer solution;
d) drying the fabric;
e) applying ammonia to the stretched fabric in a controlled ammonia atmosphere chamber to polymerize and cross-link the flame retardant into a cross-linked flame retardant tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium (THP) polymer composition while the fabric is in the stretched condition; and
f) allowing the stretched fabric to shrink to its pre-stretched dimensions.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the fabric comprises cotton and 10% to 30% by weight meta-aramid fibers.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the fabric comprises up to about 10% by weight para-aramid fibers.
13. The method of claim 10 including the step of g) dyeing the fabric prior to stretching the fabric.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein the finished fabric comprises from 1.5% to 4.0% phosphorous content by weight.
15. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of h) squeezing the stretched fabric after immersion to obtain a moisture pickup in the range of 80% to 120% by weight.
16. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of i) oxidizing the stretched fabric after step e).