Gaseous combustible fuel containing suspended solid fuel particles
A gaseous combustible fuel includes a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel feedstock and solid fuel particles suspended in the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel feedstock. The solid fuel particles have a sufficiently small particle size so that they remain suspended during transportation. The hydrocarbon fuel feedstock may include natural gas, ethane, propane, butane, and gaseous derivatives and mixtures thereof. The solid fuel particles may include coal-derived solid carbonaceous matter. Other examples of solid fuel particles include biomass, refined bioproducts, and combustible polymer particles. The gaseous combustible fuel has an energy density at atmospheric pressure which is at least 25% greater than the volumetric energy density of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel feedstock. Improvements in volumetric energy density of 50%, 100%, and even 500% are disclosed. The gaseous combustible fuel may be pressurized to a pressure in the range from 2 to 100 atmospheres.
1. A gaseous combustible fuel comprising:
a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel; and
solid fuel particles suspended in the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the solid fuel particles consist of fine coal having a particle size less than 60 μm, wherein the gaseous combustible fuel has a volumetric energy density in the range from 45,000 to 300,000 BTU/m 3 at atmospheric pressure.
2. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is selected from natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, butane, and gaseous derivatives and mixtures thereof.
3. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles comprise combustible particles having a heat content greater than 5000 BTU/lb.
4. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles comprise combustible particles having a density greater than 500 kg/m 3 .
5. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles comprise combustible particles having a heat content greater than 5000 BTU/lb and a density greater than 500 kg/m 3 .
6. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , further comprising a dispersant associated with the fine coal.
7. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 6 , wherein the dispersant comprises an organic acid.
8. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 7 , wherein the dispersant is citric acid.
9. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 7 , wherein the dispersant is selected from linear, cyclic, saturated, or unsaturated carboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acids.
10. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles have a particle size less than 30 μm.
11. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles have a particle size less than 10 μm.
12. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles have a particle size less than 5 μm.
13. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure and the gaseous combustible fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure which is at least 25% greater than the volumetric energy density of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
14. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure and the gaseous combustible fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure which is at least 50% greater than the volumetric energy density of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
15. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure and the gaseous combustible fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure which is at least 100% greater than the volumetric energy density of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
16. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure and the gaseous combustible fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure which is at least 500% greater than the volumetric energy density of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
17. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is natural gas, wherein the solid fuel particles have a particle size less than 10 μm, wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure, and the gaseous combustible fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure which is at least 25% greater than the volumetric density of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
18. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel comprises greater than 90 volume % natural gas.
19. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous combustible fuel has a pressure in the range from 2 to 100 atmospheres.
20. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles have a particle size less than 20 μm.
21. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles have a particle size less than 2.5 μm.
22. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles have an average diameter less than 30 μm.
23. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the solid fuel particles have an average diameter less than 20 μm.
24. A gaseous combustible fuel comprising:
a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel; and
solid fuel particles suspended in the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the solid fuel particles consist of fine coal having an average diameter less than 10 μm, wherein the gaseous combustible fuel comprises greater that 90 volume % gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
25. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 24 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is selected from natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, butane, and gaseous derivatives and mixtures thereof.
26. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 24 , wherein the solid fuel particles have an average diameter less than 5 μm.
27. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 24 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure and the gaseous combustible fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure which is at least 50% greater than the volumetric energy density of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
28. The gaseous combustible fuel according to claim 24 , wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure and the gaseous combustible fuel has a volumetric energy density at atmospheric pressure which is at least 100% greater than the volumetric energy density of the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
29. A gaseous combustible fuel comprising:
a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel; and
solid fuel particles suspended in the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the solid fuel particles consist of fine coal having a particle size less than 60 μm, wherein the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel comprises greater that 90 volumetric % natural gas and has an energy density greater that 45,000 BTU/m 3 .