Tannin-containing gastrointestinal formulations and methods of use
Tannin-containing compositions and methods of using same to enhance or maintain immune function during simplified nutrition feeding. Pharmaceutical compositions, including enteral nutrition compositions, are provided. The compositions comprise such tannins as proanthocyanidins and/or hydrolysable tannins. Administering the tannins to the gastrointestinal tract of a subject receiving simplified nutrition, such as with enteral nutrition therapy or parenteral nutrition therapy, attenuates or prevents deleterious effects on the gastrointestinal immune system that would otherwise occur with the simplified nutrition.
1. A method to attenuate deleterious effects of enteral nutrition on intestinal barrier function comprising administering an effective amount of one or more proanthocyanidins to a subject receiving enteral nutrition, wherein the one or more proanthocyanidins have a degree of polymerization of at least 2.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises administering a composition comprising the effective amount of the one or more proanthocyanidins and comprising no monomeric tannin components or less than about 5 wt. % monomeric tannin components.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises administering the one or more proanthocyanidins in an amount of from about 1 μg/kg of subject body weight to about 100 mg/kg of subject body weight, per day.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises administering the one or more proanthocyanidins in an amount of from about 5 mg/kg of subject body weight to about 10 mg/kg of subject body weight, per day.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount is an amount effective to result in one or more of increased levels of ileal IL-4, increased levels of ileal IL-13, increased density of goblet cells, increased goblet cell size, increased relative luminal MUC2 concentration, inhibited reduction of phosphorylated STAT6, inhibited reduction of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and increased luminal secretory immunoglobulin-A (sIgA) levels compared to administering enteral nutrition nutrition without the effective amount of the one or more proanthocyanidins.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject receiving elemental enteral nutrition.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject receiving elemental enteral nutrition via tube feeding.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject receiving nutrition only from elemental enteral nutrition.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject comprising a condition selected from the group consisting of inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, and trauma.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject suffering from burn.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a pre-surgery patient or a post-surgery patient.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject with acute or chronic illness.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject receiving nutrition only in a liquid form.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a subject with a contraindication to normal feeding and is administered the enteral nutrition as a liquid diet.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises administering a liquid composition comprising the effective amount of the one or more proanthocyanidins and a protein source constituting at least 20% of total calories of the composition.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises administering a liquid composition comprising the effective amount of the one or more proanthocyanidins and a component selected from the group consisting of protein and amino acids, wherein the component constitutes about 17-25% of total calories of the composition.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering comprises administering a liquid composition having a caloric density of at least 1 Kcal/mL.