Organic electroluminescent materials and devices
An organic light emitting device is disclosed whose emissive layer has a host material, a first emissive dopant, and a second dopant. The second dopant is an excited energy state managing dopant provided in an amount between 2-10 vol. % of the emissive layer and has a lowest triplet state energy level, T M , that is higher than a lowest triplet state energy levels, T 1 , of both the host and the first dopant and lower than the multiply-excited energy level, T*, of the first dopant.
1. An organic light emitting device comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a emissive layer, wherein the emissive layer comprises a host, a first dopant, and a second dopant;
wherein the first dopant is a phosphorescent emitter dopant that emits light of wavelength less than 500 nm, and the second dopant is an excited energy state managing dopant;
wherein the second dopant comprises between 2-10 vol. % of the emissive layer, and the second dopant has a lowest triplet state energy level greater than 2.9 eV, which is greater than lowest triplet state energy levels of both the host and the first dopant, and less than the multiply-excited energy level of the first dopant.
2. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the second dopant comprises less than or equal to 3 vol. % of the emissive layer.
3. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the second dopant is located in a zone in the emissive layer that has the highest exciton density within the emissive layer.
4. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a hole transporting layer (HTL) provided between the emissive layer (EML) and the anode and in direct contact with the EML and forming an HTL/EML interface; and
an electron transporting layer (ETL) provided between the EML and the cathode and in direct contact with the EML and forming an ETL/EML interface;
wherein the first dopant is present in the emissive layer in a linearly graded concentration level that is at the highest concentration level at the HTL/EML interface and the lowest concentration level at the ETL/EML interface.
5. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the second dopant is selected from the group consisting of.
6. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a blocking layer.
7. The first organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a charge transport layer.
8. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first organic light emitting device is incorporated into a device selected from the group consisting of a consumer product, an electronic component module, an organic light-emitting device, and a lighting panel.
9. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the second dopant enables rapid exothermic energy transfer from the multiply-excited energy level of the first dopant to the second dopant to minimize direct dissociative reactions in the emissive layer.
10. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the second dopant does not emit light.
11. An organic light emitting device comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, comprising a emissive layer, wherein the emissive layer comprises a host, a first dopant, and a second dopant;
wherein the first dopant is a thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitter that emits light of wavelength less than 500 nm, and the second dopant is an excited energy state managing dopant;
wherein the second dopant comprises between 2-10 vol. % of the emissive layer, and the second dopant has a lowest triplet state energy level greater than 2.9 eV, which is greater than lowest triplet state energy levels of both the host and the first dopant and less than the multiply-excited energy level of the first dopant.
12. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the second dopant comprises less than or equal to 6 vol. % of the emissive layer.
13. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the second dopant comprises less than or equal to 3 vol. % of the emissive layer.
14. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the second dopant is located in a zone in the emissive layer that has the highest exciton density within the emissive layer.
15. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , further comprising:
a hole transporting layer (HTL) provided between the emissive layer (EML) and the anode and in direct contact with the EML and forming an HTL/EML interface; and
an electron transporting layer (ETL) provided between the EML and the cathode and in direct contact with the EML and forming an ETL/EML interface;
wherein the first dopant is present in the emissive layer in a linearly graded concentration level that is at the highest concentration level at the HTL/EML interface and the lowest concentration level at the ETL/EML interface.
16. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the second dopant is selected from the group consisting of:
17. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a blocking layer.
18. The first organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the organic layer further comprises a charge transport layer.
19. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the first organic light emitting device is incorporated into a device selected from the group consisting of a consumer product, an electronic component module, an organic light-emitting device, and a lighting panel.
20. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the second dopant enables rapid exothermic energy transfer from the multiply-excited energy level of the first dopant to the second dopant to minimize direct dissociative reactions in the emissive layer.
21. The organic light emitting device of claim 11 , wherein the second dopant does not emit light.