Prosthetic heart valve including stent structure and tissue leaflets, and related methods
A method of making a prosthetic heart valve may include providing an annular stent having a plurality of annularly spaced commissure portions having tips, covering each of the tips with a first fabric cover, covering the first fabric covers and the remainder of the stent with a second fabric cover, covering the second fabric cover with a first tissue membrane, and covering the outside of the first tissue membrane with a second tissue membrane, the second tissue membrane forming leaflet portions that extend inwardly between the commissure portions.
1. A prosthetic heart valve, comprising:
an annular stent having an inner side, an outer side, an inflow edge and an outflow edge;
a first fabric cover over a portion of the outflow edge, the first fabric cover not extending to a remainder of the stent;
a second fabric cover that extends over the first fabric cover and over the remainder of the stent on the inner side of the stent and on the outer side of the stent;
a first tissue membrane covering the second fabric cover on the inner side of the stent and on the outer side of the stent; and
a second tissue membrane that surrounds the first tissue membrane on the outer side of the stent.
2. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the stent is made of metal.
3. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the stent is made of polymer.
4. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first tissue membrane comprises mammalian pericardium.
5. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second tissue membrane comprises mammalian pericardium.
6. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a sewing cuff positioned adjacent the inflow edge of the stent.
7. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the inflow edge of the stent has a shape, and the sewing cuff has a shape corresponding to the shape of the inflow edge of the stent.
8. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the inflow edge has a scalloped shape and the sewing cuff has a scalloped shape corresponding to the scalloped shape of the inflow edge.
9. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the second tissue membrane surrounds the first tissue membrane in a region between the sewing cuff and the outflow edge of the stent.
10. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the second fabric cover extends over the sewing cuff.
11. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the outflow edge includes annularly spaced commissure portions and the second tissue membrane forms leaflets that extend inwardly between the commissure portions.
12. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the outflow edge of the stent includes three annularly spaced commissure portions.
13. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the outflow edge includes annularly spaced commissure portions, each commissure portion including a tip, and the first fabric cover extends over each of the tips.
14. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the first fabric cover includes a plurality of individual fabric coverings, each fabric covering extending over a respective one of the tips.
15. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the first fabric covers are secured to the tips with sutures.
16. The prosthetic heart valve as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first fabric covers comprise polyester.