Thin ceramic imaging screen for camera systems
An apparatus and a camera system are provided. The apparatus includes an imaging screen configured to diffuse incoming light, and a lens system coupled to the imaging screen and configured to focus light from the imaging screen onto a CMOS image sensor. The imaging screen includes a ceramic diffuser layer fused into a surface of a glass substrate, and a thickness of the ceramic diffuser layer is within a range of about 7-10 μm.
1. An apparatus comprising:
an imaging screen configured to diffuse incoming light; and
a lens system coupled to the imaging screen and configured to focus light from the imaging screen onto a CMOS image sensor, wherein:
the imaging screen comprises a ceramic diffuser layer directly fused into a surface of a glass substrate such that no gap exists between the ceramic diffuser layer and the glass substrate, and
a thickness of the ceramic diffuser layer is within a range of about 7-10 μm.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic diffuser layer comprises a bismuth-based glass frit and at least one inorganic pigment, including one of silicon dioxide (SiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), diboron trioxide (B2O3), sodium oxide (Na2O), and bismuth oxide (BiO2).
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the ceramic diffuser layer has a value within about 8% of a CTE value of the glass substrate.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a stainless steel housing coupled to and surrounding the imaging screen using a glass layer including a soda lime float glass material.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein a thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the ceramic diffuser layer has a value within about 10-20% of a CTE value of the stainless steel housing, and wherein a CTE value of the glass substrate is within about 6-7% of the CTE value of the stainless steel.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the imaging screen is configured to be thermally stable within a predefined operating temperature range to enable thermal stability of pixel-to-pixel separation of an image formed on the CMOS image sensor.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a processor coupled to the CMOS image sensor, wherein the processor is configured to process an output signal of the CMOS image sensor to determine positions of respective mirrors of an array of MEMS mirrors of an optical circuit switch.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the glass substrate comprises a soda lime float glass substrate, and wherein the soda lime float glass substrate comprises a low-iron glass substrate.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein surface flatness of the glass substrate is characterized by a peak-to-valley value of about λ/4 at a wavelength (λ) of about 633 nm.
10. A camera system for monitoring micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirrors, the camera system comprising:
a diffuser comprising a ceramic diffuser layer directly fused into a first surface of a glass substrate such that no gap exists between the ceramic diffuser layer and the glass substrate;
an optical block configured to concentrate light emitted by the diffuser;
an image sensor configured to receive concentrated light from the optical block and to generate electrical signals; and
a processor coupled to the image sensor and configured to produce an image of beams reflected from the MEMS mirrors based on the electrical signals,
wherein a thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the ceramic diffuser layer has a value within about 8% of a CTE value of the glass substrate.
11. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein a thickness of the ceramic diffuser layer is within a range of about 7-10 μm.
12. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein the ceramic diffuser layer comprises a bismuth-based glass frit and at least one inorganic pigment, including one of silicon dioxide (SiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), diboron trioxide (B2O3), sodium oxide (Na2O), and bismuth oxide (BiO2).
13. The camera system of claim 10 , further comprising stainless steel housing coupled to and surrounding the diffuser using a glass layer including a soda lime float glass, and wherein a thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of the ceramic diffuser layer has a value within about 10-20% of a CTE value of the stainless steel housing, and wherein a CTE value of the glass substrate is within about 6-7% of the CTE value of the stainless steel.
14. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein the image sensor is coupled to the processor and comprises a CMOS image sensor with pixel size of about 6 μm.
15. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein the processor is configured to process the electrical signals to determine positions of respective mirrors of an array of MEMS mirrors of an optical circuit switch.
16. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein the diffuser is configured to be thermally stable within a predefined operating temperature range to enable thermal stability of pixel-to-pixel separation of an image of the beams reflected from the MEMS mirrors.
17. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein the glass substrate comprises a low-iron soda lime float glass substrate.
18. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein the optical block comprises a plurality of lenses configured to have a negative magnification and to concentrate lights from a diffuser spot with a size of about 54 μm into an image sensor pixel of about 6 μm.
19. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein a thickness of the glass substrate is within a range of about 3-4 mm.
20. The camera system of claim 10 , wherein the glass substrate has a surface flatness characterized by a peak-to-valley value of about λ/4 at a wavelength (λ) of about 633 nm.