Methods of forming polycrystalline compacts
Methods for forming cutting elements, methods for forming polycrystalline compacts, and related polycrystalline compacts are disclosed. Grains of a hard material are subjected to a high-pressure, high-temperature process to form a polycrystalline compact. Inclusion of at least one relatively quick spike in system pressure or temperature during an otherwise plateaued temperature or pressure stage accommodates formation of inter-granular bonds between the grains. The brevity of the peak stage may avoid undesirable grain growth. Embodiments of the methods may also include at least one of oscillating at least one system condition (e.g., pressure, temperature) and subjecting the grains to ultrasonic or mechanical vibrations. A resulting polycrystalline compact may include a high density of inter-granularly bonded hard material with a minimized amount of catalyst material, and may provide improved thermal stability, wear resistance, toughness, and behavior during use of a cutting element incorporating the polycrystalline compact.
1. A method of forming a polycrystalline compact, comprising:
subjecting grains of a hard material to a high-pressure, high-temperature process in which conditions comprising a pressure and a temperature are adjustable;
elevating at least one of the conditions to a plateau level;
holding the at least one of the conditions at the plateau level for a duration; and
spiking the at least one of the conditions to form inter-granular bonds between at least some of the grains, the spiking comprising oscillating the at least one of the conditions between the plateau level and a peak level.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after the spiking, holding the at least one of the conditions at the plateau level for an additional duration before lowering the at least one of the conditions from the plateau level to a final level.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the grains of the hard material to the high-pressure, high-temperature process comprises subjecting non-interbonded grains of the hard material and a catalyst to the high-pressure, high-temperature process.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein subjecting the non-interbonded grains of the hard material and the catalyst to the high-pressure, high-temperature process comprises selecting the non-interbonded grains of the hard material to include a multi-modal grain size distribution including coarse grains and fine grains, the fine grains comprising nanoparticles.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein subjecting the non-interbonded grains of the hard material and the catalyst to the high-pressure, high-temperature process further comprises mixing a plurality of nucleation particles with the non-interbonded grains of the hard material.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein spiking the at least one of the conditions comprises elevating the at least one of the conditions from the plateau level to the peak level at a rate greater than a rate of elevating the at least one of the conditions from an initial level to the plateau level.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein spiking the at least one of the conditions above the plateau level comprises at least one of spiking only the pressure, spiking only the temperature, and spiking both the pressure and the temperature above the plateau level.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein oscillating the at least one of the conditions between the plateau level and the peak level comprises presenting at least one of rectangular waves, sine waves, damped waves, square waves, sawtooth waves, and triangular waves.
9. A method of forming a polycrystalline compact comprising grains of a hard material, the method comprising:
elevating at least one of a pressure and a temperature to a plateau level to which the grains are subjected;
holding the at least one of the pressure and the temperature at the plateau level for a duration;
elevating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature to a peak level to form intergranular bonds between at least some of the grains; and
modulating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature by repeatedly elevating and lowering the at least one of the pressure and the temperature between the plateau level and the peak level.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising applying at least one of ultrasonic vibrations and mechanical vibrations to the grains of the hard material while the at least one of the pressure and the temperature are at the plateau level or the peak level.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein:
elevating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature to the plateau level comprises elevating both the pressure and the temperature to the plateau level;
holding the at least one of the pressure and the temperature at the plateau level for a duration comprises holding the at least one of the pressure and the temperature at the plateau level for at least one minute;
elevating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature to the peak level comprises elevating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature at a rate greater than a rate of elevating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature to the plateau level.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein modulating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature comprises:
modulating the pressure between the plateau level and the peak level while maintaining the temperature at the plateau level;
modulating the temperature between the plateau level and the peak level while maintaining the pressure at the plateau level; and
modulating both the pressure and the temperature between the plateau level and the peak level.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein modulating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature comprises modulating the pressure at a constant frequency or a variable frequency.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein modulating the at least one of the pressure and the temperature comprises modulating the temperature between the plateau level and the peak level by altering a power input level to adjust the temperature.
15. A method of forming a polycrystalline compact, comprising:
subjecting a feed comprising grains of a hard material to a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) process to form inter-granular bonds between at least some of the grains, the HPHT process comprising:
elevating a pressure from an initial level to a plateau level and maintaining the pressure at the plateau level for a first duration;
elevating a temperature from an initial level to a plateau level and maintaining the temperature at the plateau level for second duration, longer than the first duration;
raising the pressure from the plateau level to a peak condition at a rate greater than a rate of elevating the pressure from the initial level to the plateau level;
releasing the pressure from the peak condition to the plateau level; and
repeating the raising and the releasing the pressure between the plateau level and the peak condition a plurality of times to oscillate the pressure.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising subjecting the feed to at least one of ultrasonic vibrations and mechanical vibrations during the HPHT process.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
after the repeating, holding the pressure at the plateau level for a third duration; and
after the holding, lowering both the pressure and the temperature from the plateau level to a final level.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein:
elevating the temperature from the initial level to the plateau level comprises maintaining the temperature at a level lower than a diamond stable region during the entire HPHT process; and
raising the pressure from the plateau level to the peak condition comprises raising the pressure to a level within the diamond stable region.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein releasing the pressure from the peak condition to the plateau level comprises a sudden release in pressure.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein repeating the raising and the releasing the pressure comprises:
regulating a maximum pressure of each oscillation to be equal to or different than one another;
regulating a minimum pressure of each oscillation to be equal to or different than one another; and
regulating a duration of each oscillation to be equal to or different than one another.