Non-carbon mixed-metal oxide support for electrocatalysts
A non-carbon support particle is provided for use in electrocatalyst. The non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. The titanium and ruthenium can have a mole ratio ranging from 1:1 to 9:1 in the non-carbon support particle. Also disclosed are methods of preparing the non-carbon support and electrocatalyst taught herein.
1. A method of preparing a non-carbon support particle for use supporting active catalyst particles in electrocatalyst, the method comprising:
dispersing titanium dioxide nanopowder in liquid and mixing for a first period of time;
precipitating ruthenium hydroxide on the titanium dioxide nanopowder to form non-carbon support particles consisting essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide;
filtering the non-carbon support particles from the liquid; and
drying the non-carbon support particles, wherein titanium and ruthenium have a mole ratio between 9:1 and 3:1 in the non-carbon support particle, the titanium dioxide has a first particle size and the ruthenium dioxide has a second particle size, the first particle size being equal to the second particle size.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising calcining the non-carbon support particles in air.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the calcining is performed at 450° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein precipitating ruthenium hydroxide comprises:
adding ruthenium chloride hydrate to the liquid and further mixing for a second period of time to form a solution; and
adjusting a pH of the solution to seven.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-carbon support particles consist essentially of a mole ratio between 9:1 and 6:1 of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
modifying a surface of the dried non-carbon support particles with a chemical process configured to promote adhesion of active catalyst particles.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
increasing a surface area of the dried non-carbon support particles with mechanical milling.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
increasing a surface area of the dried non-carbon support particles with mechanical milling prior to modifying the surface.
9. A method of preparing a non-carbon electrocatalyst comprising the method of claim 1 , and further comprising depositing precious metal active particles on the non-carbon support particles by reducing an active catalyst precursor with acid.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the precious metal active particles are platinum particles.