Naphthene-containing distillate stream compositions and uses thereof
Naphthene-containing distillate compositions are provided herein. Methods of improving fuel compositions and blends using the naphthene-containing distillate compositions are also provided herein.
1. A diesel boiling-range fuel composition comprising:
at least about 50 wt % naphthenes;
less than about 1.5 wt % aromatics; and
about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % non-cyclic paraffins;
wherein the composition has a cetane number of at least about 50, measured according to ASTM D7668; and
wherein the composition satisfies one or more of the following:
(i) four-ring naphthenes are present in an amount of about 2.0% w/w to about 10% w/w relative to the total amount of naphthenes;
(ii) five-ring naphthenes are present in an amount of about 1.0% w/w to about 2.6% w/w relative to the total amount of naphthenes; and
(iii) six-ring naphthenes are present in an amount of about 0.20% w/w to about 1.0% w/w relative to the total amount of naphthenes.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the naphthenes are present in an amount of at least about 60 wt %.
3. The composition of claim 1 , comprising about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % isoparaffins.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein single ring naphthenes are present in an amount of at least about 50% w/w relative to a total amount of naphthenes.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein a w/w ratio of the single ring naphthenes to the total naphthenes is about 2:5 to about 5:8.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein multi-ring naphthenes are present in an amount of at least about 50% w/w relative to a total amount of naphthenes.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein a w/w ratio of the multi-ring naphthenes to the total naphthenes is about 2:5 to about 5:8.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein single ring naphthenes and multi-ring naphthenes are present in a w/w ratio of about 2:3 to about 3:2.
9. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the multi-ring naphthenes are selected from the group consisting of two-ring naphthenes, three-ring naphthenes, four-ring naphthenes, five-ring naphthenes, six-ring naphthenes, and a combination thereof.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein single ring naphthenes and two-ring naphthenes are present in a collective amount of at least about 60% w/w relative to the total amount of naphthenes.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein four-ring naphthenes, five-ring naphthenes, and six-ring naphthenes are present in a collective amount of about 5.0% w/w to about 12% w/w relative to the total amount of naphthenes.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition satisfies at least two of (i)-(iii).
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition satisfies (i)-(iii).
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises less than about 10 wt % of n-paraffins.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein n-paraffins are present in an amount of less than about 20% w/w relative to a total amount of non-cyclic paraffins in the distillate composition.
16. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising less than about 5 wppm sulfur.
17. The composition of claim 1 , which exhibits at least one of the following properties:
(i) cloud point of less than about −40° C.;
(ii) a cold filter plugging point of less than about −20° C.;
(iii) a smoke point of at least about 25 mm;
(iv) a change in viscosity of greater than about 0.400 cSt between about 100° C. and about 200° C.; and
(v) a volumetric energy content of at least about 131,000 BTU/gallon.
18. The composition of claim 17 , which exhibits at least two of properties ((i)-(v).
19. The composition of claim 17 , which exhibits at least three of properties ((i)-(v).
20. The composition of claim 17 , which exhibits at least four of properties (i)-(v).
21. The composition of claim 17 , which exhibits properties (i)-(v).