POROUS DEVICES MADE BY LASER ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
The present invention utilizes laser additive manufacturing technologies (“LAMT”) for the creation of porous media that can be used in filtration devices, flow control devices, drug delivery devices and similar devices that are used for, or in conjunction with, the controlled flow of fluids (e.g., gases and liquids) therethrough.
1 . A method of manufacturing an article that is at least partially porous, comprising the steps of:
placing a first layer of particles on a build plate;
subjecting the particles in at least a first portion of said first layer to a laser beam such that at least a portion of the particles in said first layer bind to each other without fully melting;
placing a second layer of particles over said first layer;
subjecting the particles in at least a first portion of said second layer to a laser beam such that at least a portion of the particles in said second layer bind to each other and to at least a portion of said first layer without fully melting; and
placing subsequent layers of particles over said second layer as necessary to form the article, and subjecting at least a portion of each subsequent layer to a laser beam such that at least a portion of the particles in each of said subsequent layers bind to each other without fully melting;
wherein the article is characterized by a thickness that exhibits a substantially homogeneous, interconnected porosity.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the build plate is non-porous and said step of subjecting the particles in at least a portion of said first layer to a laser beam results in binding at least a portion of said first layer to the build plate; and wherein said build plate is an integral portion of the article.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said particles in said first, second and subsequent layers comprise nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, aluminum, palladium, titanium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, and alloys and oxides thereof.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said particles in said first, second and subsequent layers comprise a polymeric material.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said particles in said first, second and subsequent layers comprise a nickel-based alloy.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said particles in said first, second and subsequent layers comprise a stainless steel alloy.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the particles in said first, second and subsequent layers are characterized by a shape selected from the group consisting of substantially spherical, irregular, and mixtures thereof.
8 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the porosity is characterized by an average pore size of 0.1 to 200 micrometers.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the average size of said particles in said first, second and subsequent layers is within the rage of 10 to 500 micrometers.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of subjecting the particles in at least a second portion of said first layer to a laser beam having a power that is different from the power of the laser beam to which the particles in the first portion of said first layer are subjected, such that the particles in the second portion of said first layer bind to each other and form a structure having a different density than a structure formed in the first portion of said first layer.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of subjecting the particles in at least a second portion of said first layer to a laser beam that moves across the second portion of said first layer at a different rate than a rate at which the laser beam moves across the first portion of said first, such that the particles in the second portion of said first layer bind to each other and form a structure having a different density than a structure formed in the first portion of said first layer.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is formed at an angle of at least 30° with respect to the build plate.
13 . A method of manufacturing an article that is at least partially porous, comprising the steps of:
placing a first layer of particles on a build plate;
placing multiple subsequent layers of particles on said first layer of particles; and
subjecting the particles in at least a portion of each of said first layer and multiple subsequent layers to a laser beam before any subsequent layer of particles is placed thereon;
wherein said step of subjecting the particles in at least a portion of each of said first layer and multiple subsequent layers to a laser beam comprises
subjecting a first portion of the particles to the laser beam under first conditions that result in the formation of a first structure that is characterized by substantially homogeneous, interconnected porosity, and
subjecting a second portion of the particles to the laser beam under second conditions that result in the formation of a second structure that is substantially non-porous;
wherein the first and second structures are integrally connected to each other; and
wherein the first and second structures together form at least a portion of said article.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first conditions include a laser power that is less than a laser power used in the second conditions.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the first conditions include a laser raster speed that is greater than a laser raster speed used in the second conditions.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said particles in said first and multiple subsequent layers comprise nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, aluminum, palladium, titanium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, and alloys and oxides thereof.
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said particles in said first and multiple subsequent layers comprise a stainless steel alloy.
18 . The method of claim 13 , wherein said particles in said first and multiple subsequent layers comprise a nickel-based alloy.
19 . The method of claim 16 , wherein said particles in said first and multiple subsequent layers further comprise a polymeric material.
20 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the particles in said first and multiple subsequent layers are characterized by a shape selected from the group consisting of substantially spherical, irregular, and mixtures thereof.
21 . The article of claim 13 , wherein the porosity is characterized by an average pore size of 0.1 to 200 micrometers.
22 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the average size of said particles in said first and multiple subsequent layers is within the rage of 10 to 500 micrometers.
23 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the article is formed at an angle of at least 30° with respect to the build plate.
24 . A method of manufacturing a hybrid assembly comprising first and second portions, comprising the steps of:
placing a first layer of particles on the first portion of said hybrid assembly;
subjecting the particles in at least a first portion of said first layer to a laser beam such that at least a portion of the particles in said first layer bind to the first portion of said hybrid assembly and to each other without fully melting;
placing a second layer of particles over said first layer;
subjecting the particles in at least a first portion of said second layer to a laser beam such that at least a portion of the particles in said second layer bind to each other and to at least a portion of said first layer without fully melting; and
placing multiple subsequent layers of particles over said second layer and subjecting at least a portion of each subsequent layer to a laser beam such that at least a portion of the particles in each of said subsequent layers bind to each other without fully melting;
wherein the first layer, second layer, and multiple subsequent layers together form the second portion of said hybrid assembly.
25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein at least one of the first and second portions of said hybrid assembly is characterized by a thickness that exhibits a substantially homogeneous, interconnected porosity, and other of the first and second portions of said hybrid assembly is characterized by a thickness that is substantially non-porous.
26 . The method of claim 24 , wherein said particles in said first, second and multiple subsequent layers comprise nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, aluminum, palladium, titanium, tungsten, platinum, silver, gold, and alloys and oxides thereof.
27 . The method of claim 24 , wherein said particles in said first, second and multiple subsequent layers comprise a stainless steel alloy.
28 . The method of claim 24 , wherein said particles in said first, second and multiple subsequent layers comprise a nickel-based alloy.
29 . The method of claim 26 , wherein said particles in said first, second and multiple subsequent layers further comprise a polymeric material.
30 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the particles in the first, second and subsequent layers are characterized by a shape selected from the group consisting of substantially spherical, irregular, and mixtures thereof.
31 . The article of claim 24 , wherein the porosity is characterized by an average pore size of 0.1 to 100 micrometers.
32 . The method of claim 24 , wherein the average size of said particles in the first, second and subsequent layers is within the rage of 10 to 500 micrometers.
33 . An article that is manufactured by the method of claim 1 .
34 . The article of claim 33 , wherein the article is a filter device.
35 . The article of claim 33 , wherein the article is a fluid flow restrictor device.
36 . An article that is manufactured by the method of claim 13 .
37 . The article of claim 36 , wherein the article is a filter device.
38 . The article of claim 36 , wherein the article is a fluid flow restrictor device.
39 . A hybrid assembly that is manufactured by the method of claim 24 .
40 . The hybrid assembly of claim 39 , wherein said hybrid assembly is a filter device.
41 . The hybrid assembly of claim 39 , wherein said hybrid assembly is a fluid flow restrictor device.