System and method for managing the power output of a photovoltaic cell
A solar cell management system for increasing the efficiency and power output of a solar cell and methods for making and using the same. The management system provides an electric field across an individual solar cell, an array of solar cells configured as a panel, or a group of solar panels. The imposed electric field exerts a force on both the electrons and holes created by light incident on the solar cell and accelerates the electron-hole pairs towards the electrodes of the solar cell. Compared to conventional solar cells, these accelerated electron-hole pairs travel a shorter distance from creation (by incident optical radiation) and spend less time within the solar cell material, therefore the electron-hole pairs have a lower likelihood of recombining within the cells' semiconductor's material. This reduction in the electron-hole recombination rate results in an overall increase in the solar cells' efficiency and greater power output.
1. A method of managing a photovoltaic device, comprising:
enabling a first port of a switch to be coupled to the photovoltaic device;
enabling a second port of the switch to be coupled to a load driven by the photovoltaic device;
enabling a third port of the switch to be coupled to a voltage source, wherein the switch can operate in a first position for providing a first current path, between the photovoltaic device and the voltage source and a second position for providing a second current path between the photovoltaic device and the load; and
applying a voltage signal generated by the voltage source to the photovoltaic device, the voltage signal having a first state including a series of voltage pulses with a positive magnitude for generating an external electric field across the photovoltaic device when the switch is in the first position and a second state to provide electrical isolation between the voltage source and the load when the switch is in the second position; and
controlling a frequency, a magnitude, or a duration of the first state and the second state via a control circuit coupled to the voltage source and the switch based on an output current of the photovoltaic device measured by a current sensor coupled in series between the photovoltaic device and the load or an output voltage of the photovoltaic device measured by a voltage probe coupled across the photovoltaic device.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said enabling the first port of the switch comprises enabling a first port of a double throw switch to be coupled to the photovoltaic device.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling a frequency or a duration of switching between the first position and the second position via the control circuit.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising enabling a device for mitigating any voltage drop-out of the first state to be coupled between the load and the photovoltaic device.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said applying the voltage signal comprises applying an adjustable voltage to the photovoltaic device.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said applying the voltage signal comprises applying the voltage signal having the second state providing the electrical isolation between adjacent voltage pulses.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein application of the external electric field to across the photovoltaic device increases an output power or an output current of the photovoltaic device.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the application of the external electric field to across the photovoltaic device increases the output power or the output current of the photovoltaic device by up to fifty percent under low light conditions.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the application of the external electric field to across the photovoltaic device increases the output power or the output current of the photovoltaic device by more than fifty percent under low light conditions.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the application of the external electric field to across the photovoltaic device increases the output power or the output current of the photovoltaic, device by up to twenty percent under high intensity light conditions.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the application of the external electric field to across the photovoltaic device increases the output power or the output current of the photovoltaic device between twenty percent and fifty percent.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the application of the external electric field to across the photovoltaic device increases the output power or the output current of the photovoltaic device by more than fifty percent.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the increase in the output power or the output current is based upon an intensity of light incident on the photovoltaic device, an amplitude of the voltage pulses, a thickness of the photovoltaic device, a pulse width of the voltage pulses, a frequency of the voltage pulses, or a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said applying the second state includes applying the second state between adjacent series of voltage pulses.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said applying the second state includes applying the second state between adjacent voltage pulses.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said applying the second state includes applying the second state between selected adjacent voltage pulses.