Variable rate bound stoppers and variable rate suspension systems containing variable rate bound stoppers

1. A variable rate bound stopper comprising:

a bound stopper comprising an elastomer member with an aperture, the bound stopper configured to be positioned over and disposed around a piston rod of a shock absorber;

a shape memory alloy (SMA) coil formed from an SMA wire extending around at least a portion of the elastomer member, the SMA coil comprising a relaxed state and an activated state, wherein:

the SMA coil constrains the elastomer member from deforming radially outward in both the relaxed state and the activated state thereby altering an intrinsic spring rate of the bound stopper in both the relaxed state and the activated state.

2. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 1 , wherein:

the SMA coil is at least two SMA coils formed from at least two SMA wires;

each of the at least two SMA coils comprising the relaxed state and the activated state;

each of the at least two SMA coils extend around at least a portion of the elastomer member;

each of the at least two SMA coils constrain the elastomer member from deforming radially outward and alter an intrinsic spring rate of the bound stopper when in the activated state.

3. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 2 , wherein:

the bound stopper has a first spring rate when one of the at least two SMA coils is in the activated state and constrains the elastomer member; and

the bound stopper has a second spring rate when another of the at least two SMA coils is in the activated state and constrains the elastomer member.

4. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 3 , wherein the bound stopper has a third spring rate when two of the at least two coils are in the activated state and constrain the elastomer member.

5. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 1 , further comprising an electrical power source in communication with the SMA coil, the electrical power source configured to provide an activation electric current to the SMA coil.

6. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 5 , wherein the SMA coil is in the relaxed state when the activation electric current is not passing through the SMA coil and in the activated state when the activation electric current is passing through the SMA coil.

7. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 1 , further comprising a vehicle stability control (VSC) electronic control unit (ECU) and an electrical power source in communication with the SMA wire, wherein the VSC ECU is configured to activate the electrical power source and the electrical power source is configured to provide an activation electric current to the SMA wire when the electrical power source is activated.

8. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 7 , further comprising at least one of a wheel speed sensor and a roll/yaw sensor in communication with the VSC ECU, wherein the at least one speed sensor and roll/yaw sensor in communication with the VSC ECU is configured to provide sensor feedback to the VSC ECU.

9. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 8 , wherein the VSC ECU is configured to automatically activate the electrical power source as a function of the sensor feedback provided by the at least one wheel speed sensor and roll/yaw sensor in communication with the VSC ECU.

10. The variable rate bound stopper of claim 7 , wherein the VSC ECU is configured to activate the electrical power source as a function of a user selection.

11. A shock absorber comprising:

a cylinder and a piston rod extending from the cylinder;

a bound stopper comprising an elastomer member positioned onto and disposed around the piston rod; and

at least two shape memory alloy (SMA) coils extending around at least a portion of the elastomer member, wherein:

each of the at least two SMA coils comprise a relaxed state and an activated state;

each of the at least two SMA coils constrain the elastomer member from deforming radially outward when in the activated state;

an intrinsic spring rate of the bound stopper is altered when the at least two SMA wires are in the activated state;

wherein the bound stopper has a first spring rate when one of the at least two SMA coils is in the activated state and constrains the elastomer member; and

the bound stopper has a second spring rate when another of the at least two SMA coils is in the activated state and constrains the elastomer member.

12. The shock absorber of claim 11 , further comprising a vehicle stability control (VSC) electronic control unit (ECU) and an electrical power source in communication with each of the at least two SMA coils, the VSC ECU configured to activate the electrical power source and the electrical power source configured to provide an activation electric current to each of the at least two SMA coils when the electrical power source is activated.

13. The shock absorber of claim 12 , wherein the VSC ECU and the electrical power source are configured to activate the at least two SMA coils independently from each other.

14. The shock absorber of claim 13 , further comprising a plurality of vehicle motion sensors in communication with the VSC ECU, each of the plurality of vehicle motion sensors configured to provide sensor feedback to the VSC ECU.

15. The shock absorber of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of vehicle motion sensors are selected from at least one of a wheel speed sensor and a roll/yaw sensor.

16. The shock absorber of claim 14 , wherein the VSC ECU is configured to automatically activate at least one of the two SMA coils as a function of sensor feedback provided by at least one of the plurality of vehicle motion sensors in communication with the VSC ECU.

17. The shock absorber of claim 12 , wherein the VSC ECU is configured to activate the electrical power source as a function of a user selection.

18. The shock absorber of claim 11 , wherein the bound stopper has a third spring rate when two of the at least two SMA coils are in the activated state and constrain the elastomer member.

19. A variable rate vehicle suspension system comprising:

a cylinder and a piston rod extending from the cylinder;

a bound stopper comprising an elastomer member with an aperture, wherein the piston rod extends through the aperture such that the bound stopper is disposed around the piston rod;

at least two shape memory alloy (SMA) coils extending around at least a portion of the elastomer member; and

a vehicle stability control (VSC) electronic control unit (ECU) and an electrical power source in communication with each of the at least two SMA coils, the VSC ECU configured to activate the electrical power source and the electrical power source configured to provide an activation electric current to each of the at least two SMA coils when the electrical power source is activated, wherein:

each of the at least two SMA coils comprise a relaxed state and an activated state;

each of the at least two SMA coils constrain the elastomer member from deforming radially outward when in the activated state;

an intrinsic spring rate of the bound stopper is altered when the at least two SMA wires are in the activated state;

wherein the bound stopper has a first spring rate when one of the at least two SMA coils is in the activated state and constrains the elastomer member; and

the bound stopper has a second spring rate when another of the at least two SMA coils is in the activated state and constrains the elastomer member.

20. The variable rate vehicle suspension system of claim 19 , wherein the bound stopper has a third spring rate when two of the at least two SMA coils are in the activated state and constrain the elastomer member.