Systems and methods for removing finely dispersed particulate matter from a fluid stream
Disclosed herein are systems for removing particulate matter from a fluid, comprising a particle functionalized by attachment of at least one activating group or amine functional group, wherein the modified particle complexes with the particulate matter within the fluid to form a removable complex therein. The particulate matter has preferably been contacted, complexed or reacted with a tethering agent. The system is particularly advantageous to removing particulate matter from a tailing solution.
1. A method of removing particulate matter from a tailings pond fluid, wherein the tailings pond fluid comprises a suspension of the particulate matter, the method comprising:
providing a charged polymeric activating material capable of being affixed to the particulate matter in the suspension;
adding the charged polymeric activating material to the particulate matter in the suspension to form suspended activated particulate matter;
attaching a charged polymeric tethering material to anchor Particles to form tether-bearing anchor particles;
adding the tether-bearing anchor particles to the suspended activated particulate matter, whereby the tether-bearing anchor particles adhere to the suspended activated particulate matter to form removable complexes in the tailings pond fluid that comprise the particulate matter; and
separating the removable complexes from the suspension;
wherein when the charged polymeric activating material is an anionic polymer, the charged polymeric tethering material is a cationic polymer, and when the charged polymeric activating material is a cationic polymer, the charged polymeric tethering material is an anionic polymer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removable complexes are removed by gravitational settling, whereby the removable complexes are pulled to the bottom of the tailings pond.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anchor particles comprise sand.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate matter comprises quartz and/or clay fines.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate matter is suspended in a mature fine tailings layer within the tailings pond fluid.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of adding the charged polymeric activating material to the particulate matter comprises injecting the charged polymeric activating material into the mature fine tailings layer.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising stirring or agitating the suspension after injecting the charged polymeric activating material into the mature fine tailings layer.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the tether-bearing anchor particles descend through the mature fine tailings layer, whereby the suspended activated particulate matter adheres to the tether-bearing anchor particles.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anchor particles have a diameter greater than the diameter of the particulate matter.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein, when the particulate matter has an approximate mass mean diameter less than 50 microns, the approximate mass mean diameter of the anchor particles is greater than 70 microns.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anchor particles have a density greater than the density of the suspended activated particulate matter.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the anchor particles have a density greater than 1.3 gm/cc.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of separating the removable complexes from the suspension separates the tailings pond into a top layer of clarified water and a bottom layer of congealed solid material.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising retrieving the bottom layer of congealed solid material from the tailings pond after the separating the removable complexes from the suspension.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising recycling the top layer of clarified water following the separating the removable complexes from the suspension.