Storage-stable aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide and methods for preparing and using them
Stable, aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide and methods for producing stable, aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide are disclosed. Generally, the chlorine dioxide solutions of the invention are aqueous solutions containing about 1000 ppm by weight or less of total impurities and/or 10 ppm or less of manganese and iron combined. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions are storage stable for at least 90 days at 25° C. and maintain at least 75% of the initial chlorine dioxide concentration. Methods of preparing, using and transporting the chlorine dioxide solutions are also disclosed.
1. An aqueous chlorine dioxide solution containing about 1000 ppm by weight or less of total impurities, wherein the impurities are ions comprising:
1,000 ppm by weight or less of sodium ions;
200 ppm by weight or less of calcium ions;
1 ppm by weight or less of manganese ions;
100 ppm or less of magnesium ions;
100 ppm or less of sulfate ions;
100 ppm or less of nitrate ions;
1 ppm or less of potassium ions;
100 ppm or less of bicarbonate ions, and
100 ppm or less of iron ions,
wherein the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the solution is at least 1000 ppm by weight, and
wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution retains at least 75% of the original chlorine dioxide after 90 days at 25° C. when stored in an amber glass bottle.
2. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains 300 ppm by weight or less of sodium ions.
3. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains 100 ppm by weight or less of sodium ions.
4. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains 10 ppm by weight or less of magnesium ions.
5. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains 10 ppm by weight or less of sulfate ions.
6. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains 10 ppm by weight or less of nitrate ions.
7. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution is at least 2000 ppm by weight.
8. A method for reducing bacterial, viral or fungal load comprising contacting an object carrying a bacterial, viral or fungal load with the chlorine dioxide solution of claim 1 .
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the object is selected from the group consisting of a surface of an animal, water, a hard surface, and food.
10. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution is at least 4000 ppm by weight.
11. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution is at least 6000 ppm by weight.
12. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains 10 ppm by weight or less of bicarbonate ions.
13. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains 10 ppm by weight or less of iron ions.
14. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains about 500 ppm by weight or less of the total impurities.
15. The aqueous chlorine dioxide solution according to claim 1 , wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution contains about 250 ppm by weight or less of the total impurities.