Passive positioning based on directional transmissions

1. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

first interface configured to obtain:

a first frame from a first wireless node;

a second frame from a second wireless node;

information indicating a time of arrival (TOA) of a third frame at a third wireless node; and

information indicating a TOA of a fourth frame at the third wireless node;

a processing system configured to:

estimate a first position of the apparatus relative to the first and second wireless nodes based on at least one of a TOA of the first frame at the apparatus, a TOA of the second frame at the apparatus, the TOA of the third frame at the third wireless node, or the TOA of the fourth frame at the third wireless node; and

generate a fifth frame including information regarding at least one of the first position or an absolute position estimated by the apparatus based on the first position; and a second interface configured to output the fifth frame for transmission.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the first frame includes a first counter value indicating a number of sectors remaining in a first sector sweep involving the apparatus;

the second frame includes a second counter value indicating a number of sectors remaining in a second sector sweep involving the apparatus;

the first interface is further configured to obtain a third counter value indicating a number of sectors remaining in the first sector sweep after a sector associated with the third frame and a fourth counter value indicating a number of sectors remaining in the second sector sweep after a sector associated with the fourth frame; and

the estimation of the first position is further based on the first counter value, the second counter value, the third counter value, and the fourth counter value.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processing system is further configured to:

estimate a second position of the apparatus relative to a pair of wireless nodes, wherein the pair of wireless nodes does not include both the first and second wireless nodes; and

estimate the absolute position of the apparatus based on the first position and the second position.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the pair of wireless nodes comprises the first wireless node and a fourth wireless node.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:

the processing system is further configured to use the absolute position in an application running on the apparatus.

6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the estimation of the absolute position is further based on locations, known by the apparatus, of the first wireless node, the second wireless node, and the pair of wireless nodes.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the processing system is further configured to:

estimate a TOA of the first frame at the third wireless node based on the TOA of the third frame at the third wireless node, and

estimate a TOA of the second frame at the third wireless node based on the TOA of the fourth frame at the third wireless node; and

the estimation of the first position is further based on at least one of the estimated TOA of the first frame at the third wireless node or the estimated TOA of the second frame at the third wireless node.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the estimation of the first position of the apparatus relative to the first and second wireless nodes is further based on:

a difference between the estimation of the TOA of the second frame at the third wireless node and the estimation of the TOA of the first frame at the third wireless node; and

a difference between the TOA of the second frame at the apparatus and the TOA of the first frame at the apparatus.

9. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

a first interface configured to obtain:

a first frame during a first sector sweep procedure; and

a second frame during a second sector sweep procedure;

a processing system configured to generate one or more frames with information indicating at least one of a time of arrival (TOA) of the first frame at the apparatus or a TOA of the second frame at the apparatus; and

a second interface configured to output the one or more frames for transmission.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the one or more frames further include at least one of:

an indication of a first frame number indicating a position of the first frame relative to other frames transmitted during the first sector sweep procedure; or

an indication of a second frame number indicating a position of the second frame relative to other frames transmitted during the second sector sweep procedure.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the one or more frames further include:

an indication of a relative drift associated with two or more clocks of the apparatus and at least one of a first wireless node that transmitted the first frame or a second wireless node that transmitted the second frame.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the one or more frames are output for transmission as one or more broadcast frames.

13. A wireless station, comprising:

a receiver configured to receive:

a first frame from a first wireless node;

a second frame from a second wireless node;

information indicating a time of arrival (TOA) of a third frame at a third wireless node; and

information indicating a TOA of a fourth frame at the third wireless node;

a processing system configured to:

estimate a first position of the wireless station relative to the first and second wireless nodes based on at least one of a TOA of the first frame at the wireless station, a TOA of the second frame at the wireless station, the TOA of the third frame at the third wireless node, or the TOA of the fourth frame at the third wireless node; and

generate a fifth frame including information regarding at least one of the first position or an absolute position estimated by the wireless station based on the first position; and

a transmitter configured to transmit the fifth frame.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising:

a receiver configured to receive the first frame and the second frame; and

a transmitter configured to transmit the one or more frames, wherein the apparatus is configured as an access point.