Manufacturing methods for multi-lobed cooling holes
A method for producing a diffusion cooling hole extending between a wall having a first wall surface and a second wall surface includes forming a cooling hole inlet at the first wall surface, forming a cooling hole outlet at the second wall surface, forming a metering section downstream from the inlet and forming a multi-lobed diffusing section between the metering section and the outlet. The inlet, outlet, metering section and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by laser drilling, particle beam machining, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining, masking and combinations thereof.
1. A method for producing a diffusion cooling hole extending between a wall having a first wall surface and a second wall surface, the method comprising:
forming a cooling hole inlet at the first wall surface;
forming a cooling hole outlet at the second wall surface;
forming a metering section downstream from the inlet; and
forming a multi-lobed diffusing section between the metering section and the outlet such that the metering section is between the inlet and the diffusing section, wherein forming the diffusing section comprises:
forming a first lobe that diverges longitudinally and laterally from the metering section and has a trailing edge;
forming a second lobe that diverges longitudinally from the metering section and has a trailing edge; and
forming an interlobe region that extends from the first lobe to the second lobe such that the interlobe region diverges laterally in a downstream direction, the interlobe region comprising:
a downstream end adjacent the outlet, wherein an entirety of the downstream end extends at least to the trailing edges of the first lobe and the second lobe;
a first inclined portion adjacent to and extending from a bottom surface of the first lobe;
a second inclined portion adjacent to and extending from a bottom surface of the second lobe; and
a ridge that extends longitudinally within the interlobe region and is between the first lobe and the second lobe at an intersection of the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion, wherein the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion meet together to form the ridge;
wherein the inlet, outlet, metering section and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by a technique selected from the group consisting of laser drilling, particle beam machining, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining, masking and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wall comprises a metal or superalloy substrate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second wall surface comprises a coating, and wherein at least a portion of the cooling hole extends through the coating.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the coating comprises:
a bond coating; and
a thermal barrier coating.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a portion of the diffusing section is located within the coating.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein an entirety of the diffusing section is located within the coating.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a portion of the metering section is located within the coating.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the outlet and the portion of the diffusing section extending through the coating are formed by masking.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the inlet, outlet, metering section and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by a technique selected from the group consisting of laser drilling, fluid jet guided laser machining, and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and metering section are formed using a first laser having a pulse frequency between 5 Hz and 200 kHz and a millisecond (10 −3 ) to nanosecond (10 −9 ) pulse duration range, and wherein the multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed using a second laser having a pulse frequency between 1 kHz and 200 kHz and a pulse duration range from nano (10 −9 ) to femto (10 −15 ) seconds.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the wall comprises a coating on the second wall surface, and wherein at least a portion of the cooling hole extends through the coating.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wall comprises a coating on the second wall surface, and wherein at least a portion of the cooling hole extends through the coating.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the inlet, outlet, metering section and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by a technique selected from the group consisting of laser drilling, fluid jet guided laser machining, and combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inlet, metering section, multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed by a technique selected from the group consisting of drilling, milling, grinding, superabrasive machining and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and metering section are formed by drilling, and wherein the multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed using a laser having a pulse frequency between 1 kHz and 200 kHz and a pulse duration range from nano (10 −9 ) to femto (10 −15 ) seconds.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and metering section are formed using a laser having a pulse frequency between 5 Hz and 200 kHz, and a millisecond (10 −3 ) to nanosecond (10 −9 ) pulse duration range, and wherein the multi-lobed diffusing section and outlet are formed by a technique selected from the group consisting of drilling, milling, grinding, superabrasive machining and combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and the metering section are formed before the diffusing section and the outlet.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inlet and the metering section are formed after the diffusing section and the outlet.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inlet, outlet, metering section and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by water jet guided laser machining.
20. A method for producing a diffusion cooling hole extending between a wall having a first wall surface and a second wall surface, the method comprising:
forming a cooling hole inlet at the first wall surface;
forming a cooling hole outlet at the second wall surface;
forming a metering section downstream from the inlet; and
forming a multi-lobed diffusing section between the metering section and the outlet such that the metering section is between the inlet and the diffusing section, wherein forming the diffusing section comprises:
forming a first lobe that diverges longitudinally and laterally from the metering section and has a trailing edge;
forming a second lobe that diverges longitudinally from the metering section and has a trailing edge; and
forming an interlobe region that extends from the first lobe to the second lobe such that the interlobe region diverges laterally in a downstream direction, the interlobe region comprising:
a downstream end adjacent the outlet, wherein an entirety of the downstream end extends at least to the trailing edges of the first lobe and the second lobe;
a first inclined portion adjacent to and extending from a bottom surface of the first lobe;
a second inclined portion adjacent to and extending from a bottom surface of the second lobe; and
a ridge that extends longitudinally within the interlobe region and is between the first lobe and the second lobe at an intersection of the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion, wherein the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion meet together to form the ridge;
wherein the inlet and metering section are formed by a first technique selected from the group consisting of laser drilling, particle beam machining, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining and masking, and wherein the outlet and multi-lobed diffusing section are formed by a second technique different from the first technique and selected from the group consisting of laser drilling, particle beam drilling, fluid jet guided laser machining, mechanical machining and masking.