Methods of preparing electrodes having targeted oxygen transport

1. A method of preparing an electrode having targeted oxygen transport, the method comprising:

applying a catalyst layer having active catalyst particles on a substrate;

scanning the applied catalyst layer to detect the active catalyst particles in the catalyst layer;

mapping the detected active catalyst particles;

forming a gas diffusion layer configured to concentrate gas distribution to the detected active catalyst particles based on the map.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the gas diffusion layer to concentrate gas distribution comprises forming the gas diffusion layer with a first porosity where the active catalyst particles are mapped and with a second porosity where the active catalyst particles are not mapped, the first porosity being greater than the second porosity.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the gas diffusion layer is formed of carbon fiber, and concentrating gas distribution comprises providing carbon fiber with a first density of fibers where the active catalyst particles are mapped and providing carbon fiber with a second density of fibers where the active catalyst particles are not mapped, the first density being less than the second density.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas diffusion layer is carbon paper, and concentrating gas distribution comprises forming apertures in the carbon paper corresponding to locations where the active catalyst particles are mapped.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the apertures are formed with varying diameters that correspond to an amount of active catalyst material detected.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein forming the apertures in the carbon paper comprises computer-directed puncturing of the carbon paper.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the gas diffusion layer to concentrate gas distribution comprises forming apertures in the gas diffusion layer, the apertures varying in concentration along a surface area of the gas diffusion layer to correspond to the mapping of the active catalyst particles, the concentration of the apertures lowest where a lowest concentration of active catalyst particles is mapped and greatest where a greatest concentration of the active catalyst particles are mapped.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is an electrode membrane.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scanning comprises electron scanning.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active catalyst particles are fluoresced prior to applying the catalyst layer, and scanning comprises detecting fluorescence of the active catalyst particles.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas diffusion layer is a plate, and wherein concentrating the gas distribution comprises forming gas flow channels along the plate, each gas flow channel is-formed with a width determined based on a concentration of mapped active catalyst particles, wherein the width of a respective gas flow channel is made wider the greater the concentration of the mapped active catalyst particles is adjacent the respective gas flow channel.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gas diffusion layer is a plate, and wherein concentrating the gas distribution comprises forming gas flow channels along the plate, each gas flow channel formed with a width that varies along a length of the channel, the width of a respective gas flow channel formed widest at a point where a concentration of the mapped active catalyst particles is greatest.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein forming gas flow channels along the plate comprises three-dimensional printing the plate with the gas flow channels.

14. A method of preparing an electrode having targeted oxygen transport, the method comprising:

applying a catalyst layer having active catalyst particles on an electrode membrane;

scanning the applied catalyst layer to detect the active catalyst particles;

mapping the detected active catalyst particles;

forming a carbon layer having a gas distribution pattern configured to concentrate gas flow to the detected active catalyst particles based on the map;

layering the carbon layer on the catalyst layer opposite the electrode membrane; and

providing a gas diffusion plate on the carbon layer, the gas diffusion plate having gas flow channels configured to deliver gas from an oxidant supply to the catalyst layer.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the carbon layer having the gas diffusion pattern comprises forming the carbon layer with a first porosity where the active catalyst particles are mapped and with a second porosity where the active catalyst particles are not mapped, the first porosity being greater than the second porosity.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the carbon layer is formed of carbon fiber, and forming the carbon layer having the gas diffusion pattern comprises providing carbon fiber with a first density of fibers where the active catalyst particles are mapped and providing carbon fiber with a second density of fibers where the active catalyst particles are not mapped, the first density being less than the second density.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the carbon layer is carbon paper, and forming the carbon layer having the gas diffusion pattern comprises forming apertures in the carbon paper corresponding to locations where the active catalyst particles are mapped.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming apertures comprises computer-directed puncturing of the carbon paper.

19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the active catalyst particles are fluoresced prior to applying the catalyst layer, and scanning comprises detecting fluorescence of the active catalyst particles.

20. The method of claim 12 , wherein forming gas flow channels along the plate comprises three-dimensional printing the plate with the gas flow channels.