Radiopaque intraluminal stents comprising cobalt-based alloys containing one or more platinum group metals, refractory metals, or combinations thereof
Embodiments are directed to radiopaque implantable structures (e.g., stents) formed of cobalt-based alloys that comprise cobalt, chromium and one or more platinum group metals, refractory metals, precious metals, or combinations thereof. Platinum group metals include platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, and iridium. Refractory metals include zirconium, niobium, rhodium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, and precious metals include silver and gold. In one embodiment, the one or more included platinum group or refractory metals substitute at least partially for nickel, such that the alloy exhibits reduced nickel content, or is substantially nickel free. The stents exhibit improved radiopacity as compared to similar alloys including greater amounts of nickel.
1. A radiopaque stent, comprising:
a cylindrical main body comprising a cobalt-based alloy comprising cobalt, chromium, an austenitic stabilizer for cobalt including a combination of manganese and nickel, and one or more platinum group metals or precious metals selected from the group of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, silver and gold;
wherein the cobalt-based alloy comprises from 31 weight percent to 51 weight percent cobalt, from 15 weight percent to 20 weight percent chromium, from 8 weight percent to 30 weight percent of the one or more platinum group metals or precious metals;
wherein the cobalt-based alloy comprising up to 8 weight percent nickel, up to 20 weight percent manganese, a combined weight percentage of manganese and nickel being up to 25 weight percent, the cobalt-based alloy comprising no more than about 20 percent by weight iron,
wherein an entirety of the stent is formed from the cobalt-based alloy.
2. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt-based alloy includes from 5.8 weight percent to 7.1 weight percent nickel and includes a combined weight percentage of manganese and nickel that is from 7.7 weight percent to 9.7 weight percent.
3. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt-based alloy has a radiopacity from 4.6 barnes/cm 3 to 6.5 barnes/cm 3 .
4. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt-based alloy includes 5 weight percent to 8 weight percent nickel.
5. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt-based alloy includes from 1 to 5 weight percent manganese.
6. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt-based alloy includes a combined weight percentage of manganese and nickel from 7 weight percent to 10 weight percent.
7. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the cobalt-based alloy includes no more than about 4 percent by weight iron.
8. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal or precious metal comprises at least one of platinum or palladium.
9. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the platinum group metal or precious metal comprises both platinum and palladium.
10. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises tungsten.
11. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein the alloy further comprises up to 15 weight percent tungsten.
12. The radiopaque stent of claim 1 , wherein an entirety of the stent is formed from the cobalt-based alloy.
13. The radiopaque stent of claim 12 , wherein the cobalt-based alloy includes from 5.8 weight percent to 7.1 weight percent nickel and includes a combined weight percentage of manganese and nickel that is from 7.7 weight percent to 9.7 weight percent.
14. The radiopaque stent of claim 12 , wherein the cobalt-based alloy has a radiopacity from 4.6 barnes/cm 3 to 6.5 barnes/cm 3 .
15. The radiopaque stent of claim 12 , wherein the platinum group metal or precious metal comprises at least one of platinum or palladium.
16. The radiopaque stent of claim 12 , wherein the platinum group metal or precious metal comprises both platinum and palladium.
17. The radiopaque stent of claim 12 , wherein the alloy further comprises tungsten.
18. The radiopaque stent of claim 12 , wherein the alloy further comprises up to 15 weight percent tungsten.
19. A radiopaque stent, comprising:
a cylindrical main body comprising a cobalt-based alloy comprising cobalt, chromium, an austenitic stabilizer for cobalt including a combination of manganese and nickel, and one or more platinum group metals or precious metals selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, silver and gold;
wherein the cobalt-based alloy comprises from 31 weight percent to 51 weight percent cobalt, from 15 weight percent to 20 weight percent chromium, from 8 weight percent to 30 weight percent of the one or more platinum group metals or precious metals;
wherein the cobalt-based alloy comprises 5 weight percent to 8 weight percent nickel, from 1 weight percent to 5 weight percent manganese, a combined weight percentage of manganese and nickel being from 7 weight percent to 10 weight percent, the cobalt-based alloy comprising no more than about 4 percent by weight iron.
20. The radiopaque stent of claim 19 , wherein:
(i) the cobalt-based alloy includes from 5.8 weight percent to 7.1 weight percent nickel and includes a combined weight percentage of manganese and nickel that is from 7.7 weight percent to 9.7 weight percent; and/or
(ii) wherein the cobalt-based alloy has a radiopacity from 4.6 barnes/cm 3 to 6.5 barnes/cm 3 .
21. A radiopaque stent, comprising:
a cylindrical main body comprising a cobalt-based alloy comprising cobalt, chromium, an austenitic stabilizer for cobalt including a combination of manganese and nickel, and one or more platinum group metals or precious metals selected from the group of platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, ruthenium, silver and gold;
wherein the cobalt-based alloy comprises from 31 weight percent to 51 weight percent cobalt, from 15 weight percent to 20 weight percent chromium, from 8 weight percent to 30 weight percent of the one or more platinum group metals or precious metals;
wherein the cobalt-based alloy includes up to 8 weight percent nickel, up to 20 weight percent manganese, a combined weight percentage of manganese and nickel being up to 25 weight percent, the cobalt-based alloy comprising no more than about 20 percent by weight iron,
wherein the cobalt-based alloy has a radiopacity from 4.6 barnes/cm 3 to 6.5 barnes/cm 3 .