Magnetically lifted vehicles using hover engines
Electromechanical systems using magnetic fields to induce eddy currents and generate lift are described. Magnet configurations which can be employed in the systems are illustrated. The magnet configuration can be used to generate lift and/or thrust. Arrangements of hover engines, which can employ the magnet configurations, are described. Further, vehicles, which employ the hover engines and associated hover engines are described.
1. A hover engine comprising:
an electric motor including a winding, a first set of permanent magnets, a shaft and a first structure which holds the first permanent magnets wherein the first structure is coupled to the shaft such that, when an electric current is applied to the winding, the shaft, the first structure and the first set of permanent magnets rotate about an axis of rotation;
a second structure, coupled to the shaft, the second structure holding a second set of permanent magnets wherein the second set of permanent magnets are rotated to induce eddy currents in a substrate such that the induced eddy currents and the second set of permanent magnets interact to generate a lift force;
wherein the second set of permanent magnets is located between a first radial distance and a second radial distance that is greater than the first radial distance, as measured along a line perpendicular to the axis of rotation wherein the second set of magnets includes at first plurality of pole magnets each pole magnet having a polarity direction which is approximately parallel to the axis of rotations and a second plurality of guide magnets each guide magnet having a polarity direction which is approximately perpendicular to the axis of rotation;
a housing, which at least partially encloses the electric motor and the second structure, the housing having a top, a bottom and sides, wherein a first portion of the bottom is disposed beneath the second set of permanent magnets and between the first radial distance and the second radial distance.
2. The hover engine of claim 1 , further comprising:
wherein the bottom of the housing includes an interior side facing the second set of magnets and an exterior side facing the substrate further comprising:
a third structure on the interior side of the housing configured to receive a bearing that allows rotational motion wherein a rotating portion of the hover engine is in contact with the bearing.
3. The hover engine of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second portion of the bottom disposed between the axis of rotation and the first radial distance; and
a third structure coupled to the second portion of the bottom, the third structure configured to receive a bearing which allows rotational motion wherein one of the shaft or the second structure rests on the bearing to allow the shaft or the second structure to rotate relative to the housing.
4. The hover engine of claim 3 , wherein the third structure includes a first portion in an interior of the housing and a second portion exterior to the housing.
5. The hover engine of claim 4 , wherein the second portion of third structure extends towards the substrate to allow the hover engine to rest on the substrate without the bottom of the housing touching the substrate.
6. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein the shaft is integrally formed with the first structure.
7. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein first set of permanent magnets is disposed on a side of the windings within a radial distance range that is greater than the winding.
8. The hover engine of claim 7 , wherein the second set of permanent magnets is disposed beneath the winding and the first set of permanent magnets.
9. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein a first component extends into an interior of the housing and wherein stationary components of the electric motor are coupled to the first component.
10. The hover engine of claim 9 , wherein the first component includes one or more attachment points which are used to attach the hover engine to a vehicle.
11. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein the housing fully encloses the winding, the first set of permanent magnets and the second set of permanent magnets.
12. The hover engine of claim 11 , wherein the housing includes one or more apertures which allow air flow through the hover engine.
13. The hover engine of claim 11 , wherein the housing includes one or more apertures which receive a current carrying wire used to power the electric motor.
14. The hover engine of claim 11 , wherein the housing is formed from a plurality of components which are fastened to one another.
15. The hover engine of claim 1 , further comprising a vibrational damping mechanism which is coupled to the first structure to reduce vibrations associated with the rotation.
16. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein a height of the hover engine from the top to the bottom is less than three inches.
17. The hover engine of claim 1 , wherein a height of the hover engine from the top to the bottom is less than two inches.
18. The hover engine of claim 1 , further comprising a bearing disposed between an interior of the sides of the housing and rotational components of the hover engine.
19. A hover engine comprising:
an electric motor including a winding, a first set of permanent magnets, a shaft and a first structure which holds the first permanent magnets wherein the first structure is coupled to the shaft such that, when an electric current is applied to the winding, the shaft, the first structure and the first set of permanent magnets rotate about an axis of rotation;
a second structure, coupled to the first structure, the second structure holding a second set of permanent magnets wherein the second set of permanent magnets are rotated to induce eddy currents in a substrate such that the induced eddy currents and the second set of permanent magnets interact to generate a lift force:
wherein the second set of permanent magnets is located between a first radial distance and a second radial distance that is greater than the first radial distance, as measured along a line perpendicular to the axis of rotation wherein the second set of magnets includes at first plurality of pole magnets each pole magnet having a polarity direction which is approximately parallel to the axis of rotations and a second plurality of guide magnets each guide magnet having a polarity direction which is approximately perpendicular to the axis of rotation:
a housing, which at least partially encloses the electric motor and the second structure, the housing having a top, a bottom and sides,
wherein a first portion of the bottom is disposed beneath the second set of permanent magnets and between the first radial distance and the second radial distance.