Method for making biofabricated composite
The invention is directed to a composite material comprising a biofabricated material and a secondary component. The secondary component may be a porous material, such as a sheet of paper, cellulose, or fabric that has been coated or otherwise contacted with the biofabricated material. The biofabricated material comprises a uniform network of crosslinked collagen fibrils and provides strength, elasticity and an aesthetic appearance to the composite material.
1. A method for making a composite material comprising:
dispersing, encapsulating, incorporating, or otherwise introducing at least one biofabricated material into or onto at least one porous, permeable, or absorptive secondary component; wherein said at least one biofabricated material comprises a network of recombinant non-human collagen fibrils produced from isolated or purified recombinant non-human collagen molecules; wherein said material contains no more than 25% by weight water; said material has a collagen density of at least 70 mg/cc; and wherein said material contains at least 1% of a lubricant.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one biofabricated material is produced by a process comprising:
fibrillating an aqueous solution or suspension of isolated or purified recombinant non-human collagen molecules into collagen fibrils,
crosslinking said collagen fibrils by contacting them with at least one crosslinking agent, and
dehydrating the crosslinked collagen fibrils so that they contain less than 25% by weight water, and
further lubricating by incorporating at least 1% by weight of at least one lubricant prior to, during, or after any of said fibrillating, crosslinking, and dehydrating.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said fibrillating, crosslinking, dehydrating and/or lubricating is performed for a time and under conditions that produce no more than 10% by weight of the collagen fibrils in the biofabricated material in the form of collagen fibers having a diameter of 5 μm or more.
4. The method of claim 1 that comprises introducing the biofabricated material into or onto a top or bottom, or inner and outer, surface of the secondary component.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising crosslinking the biofabricated material once introduced.
6. The method of claim 4 further comprising crosslinking the biofabricated material with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an amine, carboxylic acid, sulfate, sulfite, sulfonate, aldehyde, hydrazide, sulfhydryl, diazirine, aryl, azide, acrylate, epoxide, phenol, chromium compound, vegetable tannin, and syntan.
7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising dehydrating the biofabricated material once introduced.
8. The method of claim 4 , further comprising dehydrating the biofabricated material once introduced with acetone.
9. The method of claim 4 , further comprising lubricating the biofabricated material once introduced.
10. The method of claim 4 , further comprising lubricating the biofabricated material once introduced with at least one lubricant selected from the group consisting of fat, biological, mineral or synthetic oil, cod oil, sulfonated oil, polymer, and organofunctional siloxane.
11. The method of claim 4 that comprises introducing the biofabricated material into or onto the secondary component by filtration, dipping, spraying or coating.
12. The method of claim 4 that comprises applying the biofabricated material to only one side of the secondary component.
13. The method of claim 4 that comprises applying the biofabricated material to both sides of the secondary component.
14. The method of claim 4 that comprises layering the biofabricated material between two layers of the secondary component.
15. The method of to claim 4 , wherein the secondary component comprises a fiber, a woven or nonwoven fabric, or other fibrous material.
16. The method of claim 4 , wherein the secondary component comprises paper, cellulose or reconstituted cellulose.
17. The method of claim 1 that comprises embedding or admixing the at least one secondary component in or with the biofabricated material.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the secondary component comprises at least one resin, polymer, or plastic.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the secondary component comprises at least one particle, bead, wire, mesh, fiber, woven or nonwoven fabric, or other three dimensional object.
20. The method according to claim 17 that comprises uniformly distributing at least one filler in the biofabricated material, wherein the concentration by weight of the filler in or on identical unit volumes of the material varies by no more than 20%.
21. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the collagen contains substantially no 3-hydroxyproline.
22. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the collagen contains substantially no hydroxylysine.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said material comprises no more than 1% of actin.
24. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said method is performed for a time and under conditions that produce a material having a tensile strength of at least 1 MPa, a flexibility determined by elongation at break of at least 1%, a softness as determined by ISO 17235 of at least 2 mm, and a thickness of at least 0.05 mm.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant non-human collagen molecules are isolated from cells that are cultured in vitro.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant non-human collagen molecules are purified.
27. A method for making a composite material comprising:
dispersing, encapsulating, incorporating, or otherwise introducing at least one biofabricated material into or onto at least one porous, permeable, or absorptive secondary component; wherein said at least one biofabricated material comprises a network of recombinant collagen fibrils produced from isolated or purified recombinant collagen molecules; wherein said material contains no more than 25% by weight water and no more than 1% of actin; said material has a collagen density of at least 70 mg/cc; and wherein said material contains at least 1% of a lubricant.
28. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said material contains at least 10% by weight water.
29. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said material has a collagen density of at least 100 mg/cc.
30. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said material has a collagen density of 100 mg/cc to 500 mg/cc.
31. The method of claim 27 , wherein said recombinant non-human collagen molecules have a degree of purity of at least 40% by weight based on its total protein content.
32. The method according to claim 27 , wherein the at least one biofabricated material is produced by a process comprising:
fibrillating an aqueous solution or suspension of isolated or purified recombinant collagen molecules into collagen fibrils,
crosslinking said collagen fibrils by contacting them with at least one crosslinking agent, and
dehydrating the crosslinked collagen fibrils so that they contain less than 25% by weight water, and
further lubricating by incorporating at least 1% by weight of at least one lubricant prior to, during, or after any of said fibrillating, crosslinking, and dehydrating.
33. The method according to claim 27 , wherein said material contains at least 10% by weight water.
34. The method according to claim 27 , wherein said material has a collagen density of at least 100 mg/cc.
35. The method according to claim 27 , wherein said material has a collagen density of 100 mg/cc to 500 mg/cc.