Quaternary Ammonium Halides With Ether Functional Groups For Use As Battery Electrolytes
An electrolyte solution and a flow cell battery are included herein. The electrolyte solution generally includes a electrolyte solution including one or more class A quat halides. The flow cell battery includes an electrolyte solution including one or more class A quat halides.
1 . An electrolyte solution comprising one or more class A quat halides, each having a molecular structure selected from the group consisting of:
A(CH 2 ) E —O—(CH 2 ) F n B
wherein A and B are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
wherein
E and F are each independently in the range of 1 to 10;
n is in the range of 1 to 100;
X − is Br − or Cl − , or the one or more quat class A halides are a mixture of both bromides and chlorides;
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , are, independently, hydrogen or alkyl substituents having about 12 or fewer carbon atoms;
R 4 is an alkyl chain having in the range of about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
R 5 is an alkyl group having in the range of about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and
R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are, independently, hydrogen or alkyl substituents having 12 or fewer carbon atoms.
2 . An electrolyte solution as in claim 1 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are, independently, hydrogen or alkyl substituents having in the range of about 1 and about 7 carbon atoms
3 . An electrolyte solution as in claim 1 wherein R 4 is an alkyl chain having in the range of about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms.
4 . An electrolyte solution as in claim 1 wherein R 5 is an alkyl group having in the range of about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms
5 . An electrolyte solution as in claim 1 wherein the one or more class A quat halides is/are dimethylethyl gemini quat bromide with diethylether linkage having the following structure:
6 . An electrolyte solution as in claim 1 further comprising one or more class B quat halides, each having the following structure:
C—(CH 2 ) n -D
wherein C and D are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
wherein
X − is Br— or Cl—, or the quat B halides is a mixture of both bromides and chlorides;
n is in the range of 1 to 100;
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , are, independently, hydrogen or alkyl substituents having about 12 or fewer carbon atoms; and
R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are, independently, hydrogen or alkyl substituents having 12 or fewer carbon atoms.
7 . A zinc bromide electrolyte solution comprising one or more class A quat halides and one or more class B quat halides, each class A quat halide having a molecular structure selected from the group consisting of:
and each class B quat halide having the following structure:
C—(CH 2 ) n -D
wherein C and D are each independently selected from the group consisting of:
wherein
X − is Br − or Cl − , or the one or more quat halides are a mixture of both bromides and chlorides;
n is in the range of 1 to 100;
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , are, independently, hydrogen or alkyl substituents having about 12 or fewer carbon atoms;
R 4 is an alkyl chain having in the range of about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms;
R 5 is an alkyl group having in the range of about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and
R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are, independently, hydrogen or alkyl substituents having 12 or fewer carbon atoms.
8 . An electrolyte solution as in claim 6 wherein the one or more class B quat halides is/are dimethylethyl gemini quat bromide with butyl linkage having the following structure: