Method and device for determining and presenting surface charge and dipole densities on cardiac walls
The invention discloses a method, a system, a computer program and a device for determining the surface charge and/or dipole densities on heart walls. Using the foregoing, a table of dipole densities ν(P′, t) and/or a table of surface charge densities ρ(P′, t) of a given heart chamber can be generated.
1. A cardiac activity mapping system, comprising:
one or more electrodes configured to record electrical potential data V e of a heart chamber;
a display apparatus; and
a special purpose computer configured to:
generate a map of a distribution of at least one of dipole density data and/or surface charge density data based on the recorded electrical potential data V e , wherein the special purpose computer is configured to transform the recorded electrical potential data V e into cellular membrane data over a series of sequential time periods to produce the at least one of dipole density data and/or surface charge density data; and
display the map on the display apparatus.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the map includes a distribution of dipole density data and not surface charge density data.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the map includes a distribution of surface charge density data and not dipole density data.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the map includes a distribution of dipole density data and a distribution of surface charge density data.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the special purpose computer is further configured to display the map in conjunction with a three-dimensional geometry of the heart chamber.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the special purpose computer is further configured to display the map in conjunction with anatomical data from at least one or more computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the special purpose computer is further configured to display the map in conjunction with a three-dimensional geometry of the heart chamber.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the special purpose computer further comprises an interface to a probe system configured to measure electrical potentials V P , and wherein the special purpose computer is configured to calculate the electrical potential data V e based on the electrical potentials V P .
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the special purpose computer is further configured to calculate the electrical potential data V e based on the measured potentials V P according to the equation:
V e =TV P ,
where T is a linear matrix transformation.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the measured potentials V P are stored as a linear, finite element matrix.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the probe system includes a catheter configured to measure the electrical potentials V P using contact mapping.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the probe system includes at least one electrode configured to contact at least a portion of a wall of the heart chamber.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the catheter includes a multi-electrode array configured to be disposed within the heart chamber.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the multi-electrode array includes a basket electrode array.
15. The system of claim 8 , wherein the probe system includes one or more probe electrodes configured to measure the electrical potentials V P using non-contact mapping.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the special purpose computer is further configured to calculate the electrical potential data V e based on a shape or shapes of the one or more probe electrodes.
17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the one or more probe electrodes includes one or more electrodes having a spherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, or combinations thereof.
18. The system of claim 8 , wherein the special purpose computer further comprises:
at least one a/d-converter configured to convert the measured electric potentials V P into digital data;
at least one memory configured to save the digital data; and
at least one processor unit configured to transform the digital data into digital surface charge density and/or dipole density data.
19. The system of claim 1 , wherein the special purpose computer is further configured to transform the recorded electrical potential data V e into cellular membrane data as a distribution across an area of an endocardial surface of the heart chamber.
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the map displayed by the special purpose computer comprises a time-dependent sequence of images.