Biosensor for detecting smell, scent, and taste
The invention relates to biosensors for detecting odorants, especially a biosensor that mimics odorant detection by a mammal, for example, humans, dogs or cats. The field of the invention also related to the standardization of odors for scent, smell and taste using the biosensor of the invention, and the discovery of agonists, antagonists, and mixtures of odorants for creating new odors, masking odors, enhancing odors, and designing odors.
1. A method of making an Aromagraph of a product including an odorant, comprising the steps of: obtaining a plurality of biosensors, wherein each biosensor comprises a mammalian Olfactory Receptor, a G protein subunit Gα, a G protein subunit Gβ, and a G protein subunit Gγ, and a reporter, wherein binding of the odorant to the mammalian Olfactory Receptor sends a signal through the G protein subunits resulting in a signal from the reporter, wherein at least some of the biosensors have a different mammalian Olfactory Receptor; introducing the product to the plurality of biosensors; measuring the signal from the reporter for each of the plurality of biosensors; and generating a digital representation of the reporter signal for each of the plurality of biosensors to thereby make the Aromagraph.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product is made of a plurality of components, and the Aromagraph is made for each component of the product.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the Aromagraph is made for a combination of the components of the product.
4. A method of describing a product including one or more odorants, wherein the method comprises quantifying an interaction of the one or more odorants with a plurality of olfactory receptors, and wherein quantifying is accomplished using the Aromagraph made by the method of claim 1 .
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biosensor is in a host cell selected from the group consisting of an Aspergillus , a Trichoderma , a Saccharomyces , a Chrysosporium , a Klyuveromyces , a Candida , a Pichia , a Debaromyces , a Hansenula , a Yarrowia , a Zygosaccharomyces , a Schizosaccharomyces , a Penicillium , and a Rhizopus.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the biosensor is in a membrane fraction of a host cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biosensor further comprises an adenylate cyclase and wherein a nucleic acid encoding the reporter is operably linked to a control region responsive to cAMP.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the reporter is an optical reporter.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the optical reporter is a fluorescent protein.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the fluorescent reporter is a green fluorescent protein, a blue fluorescent protein, a yellow fluorescent protein, or a cyan fluorescent protein.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the optical reporter is an enzyme or a luminescent protein.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biosensor comprises a membrane fraction of a host cell.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product is in the gaseous phase.
14. The method of claim 4 , wherein the product is made of a plurality of components, and the Aromagraph is made for each component of the product.
15. The method of claim 4 , wherein the product is made of a plurality of components, and the Aromagraph is made for a combination of the components of the product.