Next generation genomic sequencing methods
Disclosed is an enhanced method for rapid and cost-effective analysis of sequences of a microorganism by semi-conductor sequencing, preferably ion-torrent sequencing. This method provides for full length analysis and of multiple areas (e.g. genes) of multiple genomes. These methods identify genetic mutations of a particular gene that are responsible for conferring resistance or sensitivity to an antibiotic or other chemical compound. Multiple different species, strains and/or serotypes of a particular organism are rapidly and efficiently screened and mutations identified along with the complete genome of an organism. By selecting primers pairs of similar size and GC content that produce amplicons with sequences spanning the entire genome, a single PCR reaction analyzed by ion torrent methodology can determine the sequence of a complete genome. Methods are useful to sequences the genomes of viral agents, such as influenza virus, and bacterial agents, such as tuberculosis bacteria.
1. A mixture comprising multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers wherein,
each primer is from about 15 to about 25 nucleotides in length;
each primer has a GC content of from about 25% to about 45%;
the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of the genome of a Mycobacteria, wherein the multiple pairs contain nucleic acid primers that hybridize with portions of sequences of genes that confer resistance to the Mycobacteria of multiple agents selected from the group consisting of rifampin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolone, pyrazinamide, aminoglycoside, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and streptomycin; and
the different portions are spaced about 500 to about 2,000 nucleotides apart along the entire sequence of the genome.
2. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein each primer of the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers has a similar annealing temperature to the nucleic acid.
3. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein the similar annealing temperature is within about 5° C.
4. The mixture of claim 2 , wherein the similar annealing temperature is within about 3° C.
5. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the different portions are spaced about 800 to about 1,500 nucleotides apart.
6. The mixture of claim 1 , which is maintained at room temperature and does not require refrigeration.
7. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the Mycobacteria is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
8. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid primers do not self-hybridize.
9. The mixture of claim 1 , further containing a heat-stable polymerase, a mix of deoxynucleotide tri phosphates comprising dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP, a chelating agent, a salt, a buffer, a stabilizing agent, and/or nuclease-free water.
10. The mixture of claim 1 , further containing a reverse transcriptase, a mix of deoxynucleotide tri phosphates comprising about equivalent amounts of dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP, a chelating agent, an osmolarity agent, an albumin, a magnesium salt, and/or a buffer.
11. The mixture of claim 1 , which, when the mixture and the genome are subjected to a polymerase chain reaction, generates a collection of amplicons, such that the entire sequence of the genome is represented in the resulting collection of amplicons.
12. The mixture of claim 11 , wherein the collection comprises amplicons that are from about 500 to 2,000 nucleotides.
13. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein each of the primers of the multiple primer pairs is from about 16 to about 24 nucleotides in length.
14. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein each of the primers of the multiple primer pairs has a GC content of about 28% to about 35%.
15. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of genes that confer resistance to at least three of the multiple agents.
16. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of genes that confer resistance to at least five of the multiple agents.
17. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of genes that confer resistance to at least seven of the multiple agents.
18. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of genes that confer resistance to all of the multiple agents.
19. The mixture of claim 11 , where the collection of amplicons includes one or more amplicons of sequences of genes that confer resistance to the Mycobacteria of multiple agents selected from the group consisting of rifampin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolone, pyrazinamide, aminoglycoside, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and streptomycin.
20. A mixture comprising multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers wherein,
the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of the genome of a Mycobacteria, wherein the multiple pairs contain nucleic acid primers that hybridize with portions of sequences of genes that confer resistance to the Mycobacteria of multiple agents selected from the group consisting of rifampin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolone, pyrazinamide, aminoglycoside, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and streptomycin;
wherein, when the mixture and the genome are subjected to a polymerase chain reaction, generates a collection of amplicons that includes one or more amplicons of sequences of genes that confer resistance to the Mycobacteria of multiple agents selected from the group consisting of rifampin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolone, pyrazinamide, aminoglycoside, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and streptomycin.
21. The mixture of claim 20 , wherein each primer is from about 15 to about 25 nucleotides in length; each primer has a GC content of from about 25% to about 45%, each primer has a similar annealing temperature, and/or the different portions are spaced about 500 to about 2,000 nucleotides apart along the entire sequence of the genome.
22. The mixture of claim 20 , wherein the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of genes that confer resistance to at least three of the multiple agents.
23. The mixture of claim 20 , wherein the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of genes that confer resistance to at least five of the multiple agents.
24. The mixture of claim 20 , wherein the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of genes that confer resistance to at least seven of the multiple agents.
25. The mixture of claim 20 , wherein the multiple pairs of nucleic acid primers contain sequences that correspond to different portions of genes that confer resistance to all of the multiple agents.