Method of generating and distributing a second fuel for an internal combustion engine
Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed to produce HHO gas in a pressure-resistant container for use in an internal combustion engine to increase fuel efficiency and/or reduce emissions, for example by introducing the HHO gas to one or more air intake ports of the engine.
1. A second fuel system for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
i) a pressure-resistant container comprising:
a) an electrolysis cell configured to generate a second fuel from an electrolyte solution; and
b) a storage volume to hold a volume of the second fuel at a pressure greater than 40 psia;
ii) a multi-point gas distribution system, comprising:
(a) a plurality of control valves to distribute separate portions of the second fuel to multiple locations about the internal combustion engine, and
(b) at least a first injector positioned within 3 inches of at least a first combustion chamber inlet orifice to provide at least a first air-free portion of the second fuel to at least a first combustion chamber; and
iii) a multi-point gas distribution control system that controls the plurality of control valves to control an amount and timing of the delivery of the second fuel to the multiple locations about the internal combustion engine.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-point gas distribution control system is configured to deliver the at least first air-free portion of the second fuel in a timed sequence based on an intake stroke timing of the at least first combustion chamber inlet orifice.
3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising at least a second injector positioned within 3 inches of at least a second combustion chamber inlet orifice to provide at least a second air-free portion of the second fuel to at least a second combustion chamber.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the multi-point gas distribution control system is further configured to deliver the at least second air-free portion of the second fuel in a timed sequence based on an intake stroke timing of the at least second combustion chamber inlet orifice.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-point gas distribution system is configured to provide an average of 1-5 liters of the second fuel per 120,000 crankshaft revolutions.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second fuel is an HHO gas.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis cell comprises: a pressure-resistant container comprising:
i) a first defined space for holding an electrolyte solution;
ii) a plurality of electrolysis plates retained within the first defined space; and
iii) a second defined space configured to store at least a portion of the volume of the second fuel at a pressure in the range of 45-50 psia in the absence of air, wherein the volume of the second defined space is in the range of 80-120% of the volume of the first defined space.
8. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a heat exchanger connected to a gas outlet of the electrolysis cell.
9. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a controller, pressure sensor, and temperature sensor, the controller configured to:
i) shut off electrolysis when the pressure of the second fuel exceeds 50 psia and/or when the temperature of the electrolysis cell exceeds 125° F.; and
ii) start electrolysis when the pressure of the second fuel falls below 45 psia and temperature of the electrolysis cell is below 125° F.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the multi-point gas distribution system comprises:
i) a plurality of injectors; and
ii) a flow regulator configured to start and stop a flow of the second fuel from the electrolysis cell to the plurality of injectors.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the plurality of injectors are configured to deliver air-free second fuel to within 3 inches of at least one combustion chamber inlet orifice of the engine.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the air-free second fuel is delivered from at least one lance attached to at least one of the plurality of injectors.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the separate portions of the air-free second fuel are delivered to each combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine from a plurality of different lances, and wherein each of the plurality of lances is attached to a different injector of the plurality of injectors.
14. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a heat exchanger integrated with a pressure regulator, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to cool the second fuel using engine coolant.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the pressure regulator pressure is at least partially controlled relative to an intake manifold pressure of the internal combustion engine.