Desalination method for producing freshwater by reverse osmosis of seawater

1. A desalination method comprising:

providing a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane discs at a depth (D) in an ocean selected to provide a hydrostatic pressure at a high-pressure (HP) side for the membrane discs;

providing a pumping system having a casing with an interior configured to provide a low-pressure (LP) side for the membrane discs, the pumping system comprising a plurality of bowl assemblies configured to pump the freshwater to a surface of the ocean, each bowl assembly comprising at least one inflatable packer attached to the casing, a rotatable impeller mounted to the casing, and a stationary diffuser in flow communication with the casing configured to form a fluid passageway with the impeller for pumping the freshwater to the surface;

directing the seawater through the membrane discs from the high-pressure (HP) side to the low-pressure (LP) side thereof using the hydrostatic pressure to produce the freshwater and a concentrate C;

collecting the freshwater directed through the membrane discs;

diffusing the concentrate C into the ocean at the depth (D);

pumping the freshwater to the surface using the pumping system; and

transporting the freshwater to land.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein each membrane disc comprises a membrane substrate coated with a membrane film in flow communication with the seawater at the depth.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising storing the freshwater.

4. A desalination method comprising:

providing a membrane system configured to perform a reverse osmosis of seawater, the membrane system included in a perforated casing submerged in an ocean at a depth selected to provide a hydrostatic pressure for generating the reverse osmosis, the membrane system comprising a plurality of membrane discs mounted to a freshwater collection conduit in a spaced array, each membrane disc comprising a membrane substrate coated with a membrane film in flow communication with the seawater at the depth, the freshwater collection conduit comprising a tubular having a plurality of orifices therethrough in flow communication with the membrane discs at a low-pressure side thereof, the freshwater collection conduit configured to receive freshwater produced by the reverse osmosis (RO) of the seawater by the membrane discs;

providing a pumping system comprising a casing in flow communication with the freshwater collection conduit configured to receive the freshwater, a shaft rotatably mounted in the casing and a plurality of impellers attached to the shaft configured to pump the freshwater through the casing to a surface of the ocean, the casing configured to provide the low-pressure side for the membrane discs by pumping of the freshwater by the impellers;

directing the seawater through the membrane discs from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side thereof using the hydrostatic pressure to produce the freshwater and a concentrate;

collecting the freshwater directed through the membrane discs;

diffusing the concentrate into the ocean at the depth;

pumping the freshwater to a surface of the ocean using the pumping system; and

transporting the freshwater to land.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising storing the freshwater.