Graded bandgap perovskite solar cell
View Patent ↗This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to solar cells. In one aspect a solar cell includes a first electrode, a hole transport layer disposed on the first electrode, a first perovskite layer disposed on the hole transport layer, a cationic diffusion barrier disposed on the first perovskite layer, a second perovskite layer disposed on the cationic diffusion barrier, an electron transport layer disposed on the second perovskite layer, and a second electrode disposed on the electron transport layer. The first perovskite layer comprises a different perovskite than the second perovskite layer.
1. A solar cell comprising:
a first electrode;
a hole transport layer disposed on the first electrode;
a first perovskite layer disposed on the hole transport layer;
a cationic diffusion barrier disposed on the first perovskite layer;
a second perovskite layer disposed on the cationic diffusion barrier, the first perovskite layer comprising a different perovskite than the second perovskite layer, the first perovskite layer having a higher bandgap than the second perovskite layer;
an electron transport layer disposed on the second perovskite layer; and
a second electrode disposed on the electron transport layer.
2. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the first perovskite layer comprises CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Br x .
3. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the first perovskite layer comprises an organic-inorganic halide perovskite.
4. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the first perovskite layer is about 30 nanometers to 200 nanometers thick.
5. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the cationic diffusion barrier comprises hexagonal boron nitride.
6. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the cationic diffusion barrier consists of a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride.
7. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the cationic diffusion barrier comprises a material selected from a group consisting of hexagonal boron nitride, graphene oxide, fluorinated graphene, graphane, germanate, a dichalcogenide, a two-dimensional carbide or nitride, silicene, a topological insulator, a two-dimensional polymer, and a metal organic framework.
8. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein second perovskite layer comprises CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 .
9. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the second perovskite layer comprises an organic-inorganic halide perovskite.
10. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein second perovskite layer is about 30 nanometers to 200 nanometers thick.
11. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the electron transport material comprises a material selected from a group consisting of gallium nitride, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon carbide.
12. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the hole transport layer comprises a hole transport material and a graphene aerogel disposed therein.
13. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the hole transport layer comprises a hole transport material selected from a group consisting of spiro-OMeTAD, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), cuprous oxide, copper iodide, cuprous thiocyanate, carbazole, copper phthalocyanine, and copper doped nickel oxide.
14. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the first perovskite layer comprises a first organic-inorganic halide perovskite, wherein the second perovskite layer comprises a second organic-inorganic halide perovskite, wherein a concentration of a first halide of the first perovskite layer decreases from the first perovskite layer to the second perovskite layer, and wherein a concentration of a second halide of second perovskite layer decreases from the second perovskite layer to the first perovskite layer.
15. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the first perovskite layer comprises a first organic-inorganic halide perovskite, wherein the second perovskite layer comprises a second organic-inorganic halide perovskite, wherein a concentration of a first halide of the first perovskite layer decreases from the first perovskite layer to the second perovskite layer in a substantially linear manner, and wherein a concentration of a second halide of second perovskite layer decreases from the second perovskite layer to the first perovskite layer in a substantially linear manner.
16. A solar cell comprising:
a first electrode comprising a layer of gold;
a hole transport layer disposed on the first electrode, the hole transport layer comprising a layer of spiro-OMeTAD having a graphene aerogel disposed therein;
a first perovskite layer disposed on the hole transport layer, the first perovskite layer comprising a layer of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Br x ;
a cationic diffusion barrier disposed on the first perovskite layer, the cationic diffusion barrier comprising a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride;
a second perovskite layer disposed on the cationic diffusion barrier, the second perovskite layer comprising a layer of CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 ;
an electron transport layer disposed on the second perovskite layer, the electron transport layer comprising a layer of gallium nitride; and
a second electrode disposed on the electron transport layer, the second electrode comprising an alloy of titanium, aluminum, nickel, and gold.
17. A solar cell comprising:
a first electrode;
a hole transport layer disposed on the first electrode, the hole transport layer comprising a hole transport material and a graphene aerogel disposed in the hole transport material;
a perovskite layer disposed on the hole transport layer;
an electron transport layer disposed on the perovskite layer; and
a second electrode on the electron transport layer.
18. The solar cell of claim 17 , wherein the graphene aerogel is doped.
19. The solar cell of claim 17 , wherein the hole transport material is selected from a group consisting of spiro-OMeTAD, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), cuprous oxide, copper iodide, cuprous thiocyanate, carbazole, copper phthalocyanine, and copper doped nickel oxide.
20. The solar cell of claim 17 , wherein the perovskite layer comprises an organic-inorganic halide perovskite.