Positive active material composition, and lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode including the positive active material composition, and lithium battery including the positive electrode
A positive active material composition for a lithium secondary battery includes a positive active material that allows intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, a binder, and a conductive agent. The conductive agent includes a first conductive agent having an average particle diameter (D50) ranging from about 20 nanometers (nm) to about 40 nm and a second conductive agent having a D50 ranging from about 1 micrometer (μm) to about 5 μm.
1. A positive active material composition for a lithium secondary battery, the composition comprising:
a positive active material;
a binder, wherein the binder is an ion conductive polymer binder further including a lithium salt, wherein a molar ratio of repeating units to lithium ions in the binder is in a range of about 8:1 to about 1:1; and
a conductive agent,
wherein the conductive agent includes:
a first conductive agent having an average particle diameter (D50) ranging from about 20 nanometers (nm) to about 40 nm; and
a second conductive agent having a D50 ranging from about 1 micrometer (μm) to about 5 μm.
2. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first conductive agent and the second conductive agent include a carbon material.
3. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the carbon material includes at least one selected from carbon black, graphite powder, natural graphite, artificial graphite, and acetylene black.
4. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first conductive agent includes carbon black, and the second conductive agent includes graphite powder.
5. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first conductive agent has a D50 ranging from about 30 nm to about 35 nm.
6. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an amount of the conductive agent is about 3 percent by weight (wt %) to about 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the positive active material composition.
7. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the binder includes a binder represented by Formula 1:
wherein, in Formula 1, n is an integer selected from 500 to 50,000.
8. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt includes at least one selected from lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , and LiPF 6 .
9. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an amount of the binder is about 10 wt % to about 35 wt %, based on the total weight of the positive active material composition.
10. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positive active material includes at least one selected from positive active materials represented by Formulae 2 to 4:
Li a (Ni x M′ y )O 2 Formula 2
wherein, in Formula 2,
M′ is at least one element selected from cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and titanium (Ti),
0.9≤ a≤ 1.1, 0≤ x≤ 0.6, 0.4≤ y≤ 1, and x+y= 1,
LiMPO 4 Formula 3
wherein, in Formula 3,
M is at least one element selected from Fe, Mn, nickel (Ni), Co, and V,
Li 1+y1 Mn 2−y1−z1 M″ z1 O 4−x1 Q x1 Formula 4
wherein, in Formula 4,
M″ is at least one element selected from Mg, Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Cu, boron (B), calcium (Ca), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), strontium (Sr), antimony (Sb), tungsten (W), Ti, V, zirconium (Zr), and zinc (Zn),
Q is at least one element selected from nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), sulfur (S), and chlorine (Cl),
0 ≤x 1≤1, 0 ≤y 1≤0.34, and 0 ≤z 1≤1.
11. The positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an amount of the positive active material is about 65 wt % to about 85 wt %, based on the total weight of the positive active material composition.
12. A positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, the positive electrode comprising:
a current collector; and
a positive active material layer formed on the current collector, the positive active material layer including the positive active material composition as claimed in claim 1 .
13. The positive electrode as claimed in claim 12 , wherein a packing density of the positive active material layer is about 2.06 g/cm 2 or greater.
14. The positive electrode as claimed in claim 12 , wherein a porosity of the positive active material layer is about 21 percent by volume (volume %) or less, based on a total volume of the positive active material layer.
15. A lithium secondary battery, comprising:
the positive electrode as claimed in claim 12 ;
a negative electrode including a negative active material; and
an electrolyte between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
16. The lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the electrolyte is or includes a solid electrolyte.
17. The lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the solid electrolyte includes at least one selected from polyurethane doped with lithium, a polyethylene derivative, a polyethylene oxide derivative, a polypropylene oxide derivative, a phosphoric acid ester polymer, a poly agitation lysine, a polyester sulfide, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinylidene difluoride, and a polymer including an ionic dissociable group.