PROTEIN-CHAPERONED T-CELL VACCINES
Protein antigens are provided. The protein antigens typically include a peptide antigen conjugated or fused to a chaperone protein to form a “chaperone-antigen” that increases lymph node uptake; improves an immune response; or a combination thereof relative to the peptide antigen alone. The immune response can be, for example, increased antigen-specific proliferation, enhanced cytokine production, stimulation of differentiation and/or effector functions, promotion of survival, rescue from exhaustion and/or anergy of T cells, or a combination thereof. Chaperon-antigens can also be used to induce tolerance and increase immune suppressive responses. In the most preferred embodiments, the peptide antigen is fused to the chaperone protein to form a fusion protein. The “chaperone-antigen” can be combined with an adjuvant to form a vaccine and administered to a subject to modulate an immune response to the antigen. Methods of increasing immune responses, treating cancer and infectious and inducing tolerance are also provided.
1 . A method of increasing an immune response or promoting tolerance in a subject in need thereof comprising administering the subject a chaperone-antigen comprising a peptide antigen conjugated or fused to a chaperone protein, or a nucleic acid encoding the chaperone-antigen, in an effective amount to increase lymph node uptake; improve an immune response or promote tolerance; or a combination relative to administering the peptide antigen alone.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the chaperone-antigen or a nucleic acid encoding the chaperone-antigen is administered non-systemically to the subject.
3 . The method of the claim 2 , wherein the chaperone-antigen or a nucleic acid encoding the chaperone-antigen is administered locally to the subject.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the chaperone-antigen or a nucleic acid encoding the chaperone-antigen is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide antigen is fused to the chaperone protein to form a fusion protein.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the fusion protein comprises a linking domain linking the peptide antigen and chaperone protein.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the linking domain comprises a first flexible linker linked to a purification tag linked to a second flexible linker.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the chaperone reduces or prevents a loss of potency of the peptide antigen in the presence of the serum.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the chaperone is sufficiently large to facilitate effective lymph node uptake or is a binder to an endogenous molecule sufficiently large molecular weight to facilitate effective lymph node uptake.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the chaperone induces little or no immune response in the subject.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the chaperone is a protein that is endogenous to the subject, or a functional fragment or variant thereof.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the chaperone is a serum protein.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the serum protein is selected from the group consisting of albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, regulatory proteins, and clotting factors.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the chaperone is a transthyretin (TTR), serum albumin, Fc, or a functional fragment or variant thereof.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide antigen is derived from a virus, bacterium, parasite, plant, protozoan, fungus, tissue or transformed cell.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide antigen is a neocancer antigen.
17 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering the subject an adjuvant.
18 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering the subject an additional immunotherapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of (i) a tumor targeting antibody, (ii) an extended serum half-life IL-2, (iii) an immune checkpoint inhibitor, or (iv) a combination thereof.
19 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a chaperone-antigen comprising a peptide antigen fused to a chaperone protein in an effective amount to increase lymph node uptake; improve an immune response or promote tolerance; or a combination relative to administering the peptide antigen alone and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
20 . The pharmaceutical composition of claim 19 further comprising an adjuvant.