Multi-nozzle combustion assemblies including perforated flame holder, combustion systems including the combustion assemblies, and related methods
Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to integrated combustion assemblies including a perforated flame holder, combustion systems that include one or more integrated combustion assemblies, and related methods. For example, an integrated combustion assembly may be placed into service (e.g., integrated into a combustion system) as a complete and/or replaceable unit, such that elements and/or components of the combustion assembly are preassembled and no further assembly is required at the installation site.
1. An integrated combustion assembly, comprising:
one or more fuel nozzles each of which is configured to output fuel flow in generally a downstream direction;
a fuel distribution hub operably coupled to the one or more fuel nozzles and configured to distribute fuel among the one or more fuel nozzles;
a perforated flame holder including a body defining a plurality of apertures that extend between an upstream side of the perforated flame holder and a downstream side of the perforated flame holder, the perforated flame holder being positioned at a selected distance downstream from the one or more fuel nozzles and defining a flow space between the upstream side of the perforated flame holder and the one or more nozzles; and
one or more supports extending downstream from the one or more fuel nozzles and supporting the perforated flame holder at the selected distance from the one or more fuel nozzles.
2. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a mounting flange connected to the one or more supports and configured to secure the integrated combustion assembly to a heating unit.
3. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 2 , wherein the one or more supports include one or more openings in fluid communication with the flow space.
4. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 2 , further comprising a flow control ring positioned below the mounting flange and having one or more openings that at least partially define inlets for oxidant to flow into the flow space.
5. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 4 , wherein the flow control ring defines an interior space in fluid communication with the flow space and in fluid communication with the one or more openings in the flow control ring.
6. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 4 , further comprising another flow control ring having one or more openings, the another flow control ring surrounding the flow control ring, and at least one of the one or more openings of the another flow control ring being at least partially aligned with the one or more openings of the flow control ring to define the inlets for oxidant to flow into the flow space.
7. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 2 , wherein the fuel distribution hub is positioned below the mounting flange.
8. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 7 , wherein the one or more fuel nozzles is at least partially positioned below the mounting flange.
9. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the one or more fuel nozzles are arranged along one or more circular paths.
10. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 9 , wherein the one or more circular paths include a plurality of circular paths, at least some of which are concentric with each other.
11. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 1 , wherein the one or more fuel nozzles includes two or more fuel nozzles configured to flow fuel into the flow space at two different spray angles.
12. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 11 , wherein a bisector of at least one of the two different spray angles is oriented at a non-parallel angle relative to a center axis of the integrated combustion assembly.
13. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a flame sensor positioned and configured to detect a flame in the flow space.
14. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a flame sensor positioned and configured to detect a flame at or near the perforated flame holder.
15. The integrated combustion assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of connector elements, each of which releasably secures a corresponding one of the one or more fuel nozzles at a selected location.
16. A heating unit, comprising:
a shell defining an interior space of the heating unit;
one or more integrated combustion assemblies extending into the interior space, each of the one or more integrated combustion assemblies including:
a plurality of fuel nozzles, each of which is configured to output fuel flow in generally a downstream direction;
a fuel distribution hub operably coupled to the plurality of fuel nozzles and configured to distribute fuel among the plurality of fuel nozzles;
a perforated flame holder including a body defining a plurality of apertures that extend between an upstream side of the perforated flame holder and a downstream side of the perforated flame holder, the perforated flame holder being positioned at a selected distance downstream from the plurality of fuel nozzles and defining a flow space between the upstream side of the perforated flame holder and the plurality of fuel nozzles; and
one or more supports extending downstream from the plurality of fuel nozzles and supporting the perforated flame holder at the selected distance from the plurality of fuel nozzles.
17. The heating unit of claim 16 , wherein each of the one or more integrated combustion assemblies includes a mounting flange connected to the one or more supports and secured to a bottom of the heating unit.
18. The heating unit of claim 17 , wherein each of the one or more integrated combustion assemblies includes a flow control ring positioned below the mounting flange and having one or more openings that at least partially define inlets for oxidant to flow into the flow space.
19. The heating unit of claim 18 , wherein each of the one or more integrated combustion assemblies includes another flow control ring having one or more openings, the another flow control ring surrounding the flow control ring, and at least one of the one or more openings of the another flow control ring being at least partially aligned with the one or more openings of the flow control ring to define the inlets for oxidant to flow into the flow space.
20. The heating unit of claim 17 , wherein the fuel distribution hub of each of the one or more integrated combustion assemblies is positioned below the mounting flange.
21. The heating unit of claim 16 , wherein at least some of the plurality of fuel nozzles of each of the one or more integrated combustion assemblies are arranged along one or more circular paths.
22. The heating unit of claim 16 , wherein the one or more integrated combustion assemblies is a plurality of integrated combustion assemblies that are arranged along a substantially circular path.
23. A method of upgrading a heating unit, the method comprising:
removing at least one burner from the heating unit, thereby vacating a burner space therein; and
installing an integrated combustion assembly in the vacated burner space in the heating unit, the integrated combustion assembly including:
a fuel distribution hub operably coupled to a plurality of fuel nozzles and configured to distribute fuel among the plurality of fuel nozzles, each of which is configured to output fuel flow in generally a downstream direction;
a perforated flame holder including a body defining a plurality of apertures that extend between an upstream side of the perforated flame holder and a downstream side of the perforated flame holder, the perforated flame holder being positioned at a selected distance downstream from the plurality of fuel nozzles and defining a flow space between the upstream side of the perforated flame holder and the plurality of fuel nozzles; and
one or more supports extending downstream from the plurality of fuel nozzles and supporting the perforated flame holder at the selected distance from the plurality of fuel nozzles.
24. The method of claim 23 , further comprising:
wherein the heating unit includes multiple burners; and
maintaining one or more of the multiple burners operating while removing the at least one burner of the multiple burners from the heating unit.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein before installing the integrated combustion assembly in the vacated burner space in the heating unit, the integrated combustion assembly is preassembled.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein before removing the at least one burner from the heating unit, the integrated combustion assembly is preassembled.