Nematicidal compositions and methods of using them
There is disclosed method of killing nematodes comprising the step of applying an effective amount of a nematicidal composition comprising a terpene component and compositions suitable for use in the method. The terpene component is preferably in association with water, either as a solution or a suspension. An excipient may also be included, which is suitably hollow glucan particles which encapsulate the terpene component.
1. A method of killing nematodes, said method comprising the step of applying an effective amount of a nematicidal composition comprising an active agent, the nematicidal composition comprising a hollow glucan particle encapsulating a terpene component, wherein the terpene component is the active agent.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the nematicidal composition further comprises water.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the terpene component comprises one or more terpenes selected from the group consisting of citral, pinene, nerol, b-ionone, geraniol, carvacrol, eugenol, carvone, terpeniol, anethole, camphor, menthol, limonene, nerolidol, farnesol, phytol, carotene (vitamin A), squalene, thymol, tocotrienol, perillyl alcohol, borneol, myrcene, simene, carene, terpenene and linalool.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the terpene component is a combination of thymol and geraniol.
5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the nematicidal composition comprises the terpene component at a concentration of from 125 ppm to 2000 ppm in water.
6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the hollow glucan particles are yeast cell walls.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the yeast walls are derived from Baker's yeast cells.
8. The method according claim 1 wherein the hollow glucan particles have a lipid content greater than 5% w/w.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the hollow glucan particles have a lipid content greater than 10% w/w.
10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises a surfactant.
11. The method according to claim 10 wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulphate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polyglyceryl ester, polyglyceryl monooleate, decaglyceryl monocaprylate, propylene glycol dicaprilate, triglycerol monostearate, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether and mixtures thereof.
12. The method according to claim 1 wherein the hollow glucan particles encapsulating the terpene component comprises 10% to 67% w/w terpene component, 0.1 to 10% surfactant and 40 to 90% hollow glucan particles.
13. The method according to claim 1 wherein the nematicidal composition comprises from 500 to 10,000 ppm hollow glucan particles, the particles encapsulating from 1 to 67% terpene component.
14. A method of preparing a nematicidal composition comprising an active agent, the nematicidal composition comprising hollow glucan particles encapsulating a terpene component, wherein the terpene component is the active agent, said method comprising the steps of;
b) providing hollow glucan particles;
c) incubating the terpene component with the glucan particles under suitable conditions for terpene encapsulation; and
d) recovering the glucan particles encapsulating the terpene component.
15. The method according to claim 14 wherein in step a) the terpene component is provided as a suspension in an aqueous solvent.
16. The method according to claim 14 wherein the composition further comprises a surfactant.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the surfactant is present at a concentration of 0.1 to 10% by volume of the total reaction mixture.
18. The method according to claim 14 wherein in step b), the hollow glucan particles are provided as a suspension in a solvent.
19. The method according to claim 14 wherein the conditions of step c) are atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 to 37° C.